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Computing an optimal classification tree that provably maximizes training performance within a given size limit, is NP-hard, and in practice, most state-of-the-art methods do not scale beyond computing optimal trees of depth three.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Catalin E. Brita , Jacobus G. M. van der Linden , Emir Demirović

Decision trees are powerful for predictive modeling but often suffer from high variance when modeling continuous relationships. While algorithms like Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) excel at capturing such continuous…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-10 William Pattie , Arvind Krishna

The standard procedure to decide on the complexity of a CART regression tree is to use cross-validation with the aim of obtaining a predictor that generalises well to unseen data. The randomness in the selection of folds implies that the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-29 Nils Engler , Mathias Lindholm , Filip Lindskog , Taariq Nazar

Risk bounds for Classification and Regression Trees (CART, Breiman et. al. 1984) classifiers are obtained under a margin condition in the binary supervised classification framework. These risk bounds are obtained conditionally on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-06-27 Servane Gey

We propose an approach for learning optimal tree-based prescription policies directly from data, combining methods for counterfactual estimation from the causal inference literature with recent advances in training globally-optimal decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Maxime Amram , Jack Dunn , Ying Daisy Zhuo

Decision trees are ubiquitous in machine learning for their ease of use and interpretability. Yet, these models are not typically employed in reinforcement learning as they cannot be updated online via stochastic gradient descent. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Andrew Silva , Taylor Killian , Ivan Dario Jimenez Rodriguez , Sung-Hyun Son , Matthew Gombolay

How can we effectively find the best structures in tree models? Tree models have been favored over complex black box models in domains where interpretability is crucial for making irreversible decisions. However, searching for a tree…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Jaemin Yoo , Lee Sael

The problems of model and variable selections for classification trees are jointly considered. A penalized criterion is proposed which explicitly takes into account the number of variables, and a risk bound inequality is provided for the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-06-27 Servane Gey , Tristan Mary-Huard

Decision trees are popular classification models, providing high accuracy and intuitive explanations. However, as the tree size grows the model interpretability deteriorates. Traditional tree-induction algorithms, such as C4.5 and CART,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Guangyi Zhang , Aristides Gionis

Current implementations of Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) are based on axis-aligned decision rules that recursively partition the feature space using a single feature at a time. Several authors have demonstrated that oblique…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-14 Paul-Hieu V. Nguyen , Ryan Yee , Sameer K. Deshpande

Random forests are an ensemble method relevant for many problems, such as regression or classification. They are popular due to their good predictive performance (compared to, e.g., decision trees) requiring only minimal tuning of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-20 Nikolaus Umlauf , Nadja Klein

The decision tree recursively partitions the input space into regions and derives axis-aligned decision boundaries from data. Despite its simplicity and interpretability, decision trees lack parameterized representation, which makes it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Jinxiong Zhang

Decision trees and randomized forests are widely used in computer vision and machine learning. Standard algorithms for decision tree induction optimize the split functions one node at a time according to some splitting criteria. This greedy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-13 Mohammad Norouzi , Maxwell D. Collins , Matthew Johnson , David J. Fleet , Pushmeet Kohli

Connected acyclic graphs (trees) are data objects that hierarchically organize categories. Collections of trees arise in a diverse variety of fields, including evolutionary biology, public health, machine learning, social sciences and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-01 Maria Alejandra Valdez Cabrera , Amy D Willis , Armeen Taeb

Credit ratings are one of the primary keys that reflect the level of riskiness and reliability of corporations to meet their financial obligations. Rating agencies tend to take extended periods of time to provide new ratings and update…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-07-15 Parisa Golbayani , Ionuţ Florescu , Rupak Chatterjee

Decision tree is an effective classification approach in data mining and machine learning. In applications, test costs and misclassification costs should be considered while inducing decision trees. Recently, some cost-sensitive learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-11-20 Zilong Xu , Fan Min , William Zhu

Often machine learning methods are applied and results reported in cases where there is little to no information concerning accuracy of the output. Simply because a computer program returns a result does not insure its validity. If…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-25 Jerome H. Friedman

Accurately assessing a patient's risk of a given event is essential in making informed treatment decisions. One approach is to stratify patients into two or more distinct risk groups with respect to a specific outcome using both clinical…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-03-17 Karen Lostritto , Robert Strawderman , Annette Molinaro

Decision trees are popular in survival analysis for their interpretability and ability to model complex relationships. Survival trees, which predict the timing of singular events using censored historical data, are typically built through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Antonio Consolo , Edoardo Amaldi , Emilio Carrizosa

Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT) algorithms have been applied successfully to challenging robot motion planning and under-actuated nonlinear control problems. However a fundamental limitation of the RRT approach is the slow convergence…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Mathew Mithra Noel , Akshay Chawla