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Conversational recommender systems (CRS) enhance user experience through multi-turn interactions, yet evaluating CRS remains challenging. User simulators can provide comprehensive evaluations through interactions with CRS, but building…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Luyu Chen , Quanyu Dai , Zeyu Zhang , Xueyang Feng , Mingyu Zhang , Pengcheng Tang , Xu Chen , Yue Zhu , Zhenhua Dong

To some, the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) promises better decision-making and increased military effectiveness while reducing the influence of human error and emotions. However, there is still debate about how AI systems,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Max Lamparth , Anthony Corso , Jacob Ganz , Oriana Skylar Mastro , Jacquelyn Schneider , Harold Trinkunas

Evaluation of large language model (LLM) outputs requires users to make critical judgments about the best outputs across various configurations. This process is costly and takes time given the large amounts of data. LLMs are increasingly…

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) in open-ended scenarios is challenging because existing benchmarks and metrics can not measure them comprehensively. To address this problem, we propose to fine-tune LLMs as scalable judges (JudgeLM)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Lianghui Zhu , Xinggang Wang , Xinlong Wang

User simulators serve as the critical interactive environment for agent post-training, and an ideal user simulator generalizes across domains and proactively engages in negotiation by challenging or bargaining. However, current methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Feng Zhang , Shijia Li , Chunmao Zhang , Zhanyu Ma , Jun Xu , Jiuchong Gao , Jinghua Hao , Renqing He , Jingwen Xu , Han Liu

Generating a game is not the same as making one that can be played. Despite advances in code generation, existing approaches treat game generation as one-shot translation from prompt to artifact, leaving interaction-level failures…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yixu Huang , Bo Li , Na Li , Zhe Wang , Kaijie Chen , Haonan Ge , Qingyi Si , Yuanzhe Shen , Ruihan Yang , Guangjing Wang , Hongcheng Guo

Cognitive biases often shape human decisions. While large language models (LLMs) have been shown to reproduce well-known biases, a more critical question is whether LLMs can predict biases at the individual level and emulate the dynamics of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Stephen Pilli , Vivek Nallur

We introduce GamePlot, an LLM-powered assistant that supports game designers in crafting immersive narratives for turn-based games, and allows them to test these games through a collaborative game play and refine the plot throughout the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Seyed Hossein Alavi , Weijia Xu , Nebojsa Jojic , Daniel Kennett , Raymond T. Ng , Sudha Rao , Haiyan Zhang , Bill Dolan , Vered Shwartz

As modern video games become increasingly complex, traditional manual testing methods are proving costly and inefficient, limiting the ability to ensure high-quality game experiences. While advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) offer…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Boran Zhang , Muhan Xu , Zhijun Pan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in general natural language processing tasks but often fall short in complex reasoning tasks. Recent studies have explored human-like problem-solving strategies, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Zhenran Xu , Senbao Shi , Baotian Hu , Jindi Yu , Dongfang Li , Min Zhang , Yuxiang Wu

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) exhibit impressive cross-modal understanding and reasoning abilities, often assessed through multiple-choice questions (MCQs) that include an image, a question, and several options. However, many benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Jinsheng Huang , Liang Chen , Taian Guo , Fu Zeng , Yusheng Zhao , Bohan Wu , Ye Yuan , Haozhe Zhao , Zhihui Guo , Yichi Zhang , Jingyang Yuan , Wei Ju , Luchen Liu , Tianyu Liu , Baobao Chang , Ming Zhang

Reward modeling has become a cornerstone of aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Yet, when extended to subjective and open-ended domains such as role play, existing reward models exhibit severe degradation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Hang Ding , Qiming Feng , Dongqi Liu , Qi Zhao , Tao Yao , Shuo Wang , Dongsheng Chen , Jian Li , Zhenye Gan , Jiangning Zhang , Chengjie Wang , Yabiao Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used both to make decisions in domains such as health, education and law, and to simulate human behavior. Yet how closely LLMs mirror actual human decision-making remains poorly understood. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Andrea Cera Palatsi , Samuel Martin-Gutierrez , Ana S. Cardenal , Max Pellert

Peer review remains the central quality-control mechanism of science, yet its ability to fulfill this role is increasingly strained. Empirical studies document serious shortcomings: long publication delays, escalating reviewer burden…

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as interactive agents, open-ended human-AI interactions can involve deceptive behaviors with serious real-world consequences, yet existing evaluations remain largely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yichen Wu , Qianqian Gao , Xudong Pan , Geng Hong , Min Yang

Large language models (LLMs) are bringing richer dialogue and social behavior into games, but they also expose a control problem that existing game interfaces do not directly address: how should LLM characters participate in live…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yunjia Guo , Jinghan Zhu , Siyu Wang , Haixin Qiao

Reasoning is not just about solving problems -- it is also about evaluating which problems are worth solving at all. Evaluations of artificial intelligence (AI) systems primarily focused on problem solving, historically by studying how…

Large language models offer a tempting solution to address the peer review crisis. This position paper argues that today's AI systems should not be used to produce paper reviews. We ground this position in an empirical comparison of human-…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Joachim Baumann , Jiaxin Pei , Sanmi Koyejo , Dirk Hovy

Playing games is inherently human, and a lot of games are created to challenge different human characteristics. However, these tasks are often left out when evaluating the human-like nature of artificial models. The objective of this work…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Nuria Alabau-Bosque , Jorge Vila-Tomás , Paula Daudén-Oliver , Pablo Hernández-Cámara , Jose Manuel Jaén-Lorites , Valero Laparra , Jesús Malo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become indispensable for evaluating writing. However, text feedback they provide is often unintelligible, generic, and not specific to user criteria. Inspired by structured rubrics in education and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Jingwen Bai , Wei Soon Cheong , Philippe Muller , Brian Y Lim