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We address the problem of decoding sparse quantum error correction codes. For Pauli channels, this task can be accomplished by a version of the belief propagation algorithm used for decoding sparse classical codes. Quantum codes pose two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-16 David Poulin , Yeojin Chung

In this paper, we will present an analysis on the fault erasure BP decoders based on the density evolution. In the fault BP decoder, messages exchanged in a BP process are stochastically corrupted due to unreliable logic gates and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-12-21 Hiroki Mori , Tadashi Wadayama

Kitaev's toric code is one of the most prominent models for fault-tolerant quantum computation, currently regarded as the leading solution for connectivity constrained quantum technologies. Significant effort has been recently devoted to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-26 Julien du Crest , Mehdi Mhalla , Valentin Savin

In this paper, we present a sparse neural network decoder (SNND) of polar codes based on belief propagation (BP) and deep learning. At first, the conventional factor graph of polar BP decoding is converted to the bipartite Tanner graph…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-27 Weihong Xu , Xiaohu You , Chuan Zhang , Yair Be'ery

Noise in quantum computing is countered with quantum error correction. Achieving optimal performance will require tailoring codes and decoding algorithms to account for features of realistic noise, such as the common situation where the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-02 David K. Tuckett , Stephen D. Bartlett , Steven T. Flammia , Benjamin J. Brown

We introduce a new heuristic decoder, Relay-BP, targeting real-time quantum circuit decoding for large-scale quantum computers. Relay-BP achieves high accuracy across circuit-noise decoding problems: significantly outperforming BP+OSD+CS-10…

Belief propagation (BP) is an iterative decoding algorithm for polar codes which can be parallelized effectively to achieve higher throughput. However, because of the presence of error floor due to cycles and stopping sets in the factor…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Vismika Ranasinghe , Nandana Rajatheva , Matti Latva-aho

Belief propagation is a powerful tool in statistical physics, machine learning, and modern coding theory. As a decoding method, it is ubiquitous in classical error correction and has also been applied to stabilizer-based quantum error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-31 Joseph M. Renes

We investigate an encoding scheme for lossy compression of a binary symmetric source based on simple spatially coupled Low-Density Generator-Matrix codes. The degree of the check nodes is regular and the one of code-bits is Poisson…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-12 Vahid Aref , Nicolas Macris , Marc Vuffray

A striking feature of quantum error correcting codes is that they can sometimes be used to correct more errors than they can uniquely identify. Such degenerate codes have long been known, but have remained poorly understood. We provide a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Graeme Smith , John A. Smolin

We introduce AutDEC, a fast and accurate decoder for quantum error-correcting codes with large automorphism groups. Our decoder employs a set of automorphisms of the quantum code and an ensemble of belief propagation (BP) decoders. Each BP…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-04 Stergios Koutsioumpas , Hasan Sayginel , Mark Webster , Dan E Browne

Error correcting codes play a central role in digital communication, ensuring that transmitted information can be accurately reconstructed despite channel impairments. Recently, autoencoder (AE) based approaches have gained attention for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Vukan Ninkovic , Dejan Vukobratovic

We present a fault-tolerant [[8, 1, 3]] non-CSS quantum error correcting code and study its logical error rates. We choose the unitary encoding procedure for stabilizer codes given by Gottesman and modify it to suit the setting of a class…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Pranav Maheshwari , Ankur Raina

We can design efficient quantum error-correcting (QEC) codes by tailoring them to our choice of quantum architecture. Useful tools for constructing such codes include Clifford deformations and appropriate gauge fixings of compass codes. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Julie A. Campos , Kenneth R. Brown

Low-depth random circuit codes possess many desirable properties for quantum error correction but have so far only been analyzed in the code capacity setting where it is assumed that encoding gates and syndrome measurements are noiseless.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-01 Jon Nelson , Gregory Bentsen , Steven T. Flammia , Michael J. Gullans

In a recent study [Rohde et al., quant-ph/0603130 (2006)] of several quantum error correcting protocols designed for tolerance against qubit loss, it was shown that these protocols have the undesirable effect of magnifying the effects of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-19 Henry L. Haselgrove , Peter P. Rohde

We investigate dense coding by imposing various locality restrictions to our decoder by employing the resource theory of asymmetry framework. In this task, the sender Alice and the receiver Bob share an entangled state. She encodes the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-10 Masahito Hayashi , Kun Wang

Machine learning based approaches are being increasingly used for designing decoders for next generation communication systems. One widely used framework is neural belief propagation (NBP), which unfolds the belief propagation (BP)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Sudarshan Adiga , Xin Xiao , Ravi Tandon , Bane Vasic , Tamal Bose

Coded computation can be used to speed up distributed learning in the presence of straggling workers. Partial recovery of the gradient vector can further reduce the computation time at each iteration; however, this can result in biased…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Emre Ozfatura , Baturalp Buyukates , Deniz Gunduz , Sennur Ulukus

Hypergraph product codes are a class of constant-rate quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes equipped with a linear-time decoder called small-set-flip (SSF). This decoder displays sub-optimal performance in practice and requires very…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-21 Antoine Grospellier , Lucien Grouès , Anirudh Krishna , Anthony Leverrier