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We propose a decentralized framework to analytically guarantee the small-signal stability of future power systems with grid-forming converters. Our approach leverages dynamic loop-shifting techniques to compensate for the lack of passivity…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-02 Verena Häberle , Xiuqiang He , Linbin Huang , Florian Dörfler , Steven Low

Conventional grid-code specifications for dynamic ancillary services provision such as fast frequency and voltage regulation are typically defined by means of piece-wise linear step-response capability curves in the time domain. However,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-29 Verena Häberle , Linbin Huang , Xiuqiang He , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Florian Dörfler

In this paper, we propose a systematic closed-loop approach to provide optimal dynamic ancillary services with converter-interfaced generation systems based on local power grid perception. In particular, we structurally encode dynamic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-29 Verena Häberle , Xiuqiang He , Linbin Huang , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Florian Dörfler

Renewables will soon dominate energy production in our electric power system. And yet, how to integrate renewable energy into the grid and the market is still a subject of major debate. Decentral Smart Grid Control (DSGC) was recently…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2016-10-31 Benjamin Schäfer , Carsten Grabow , Sabine Auer , Jürgen Kurths , Dirk Witthaut , Marc Timme

The AC frequency in electrical power systems is conventionally regulated by synchronous machines. The gradual replacement of these machines by asynchronous renewable-based generation, which provides little or no frequency control, increases…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-13 Richard Pates , Enrique Mallada

The stability of AC power grids relies on ancillary services that mitigate frequency fluctuations. The electromechanical inertia of large synchronous generators is currently the only resource to absorb frequency disturbances on sub-second…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-21 Julian Fritzsch , Philippe Jacquod

We present a simple and scalable implementation of next-generation reservoir computing (NGRC) for modeling dynamical systems from time-series data. The method uses a pseudorandom nonlinear projection of time-delay embedded inputs, allowing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-12 Rok Cestnik , Erik A. Martens

The large-scale integration of distributed renewable energy sources into the electricity grid requires the investigation of new methods to ensure stability. For example, Active Distribution Networks (ADNs) can be used at (sub-) transmission…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-31 Christian Holger Nerowski , Zongjun Li , Christian Rehtanz

Automatic generation control (AGC) is one of the most important coordinated control systems present in modern interconnected power systems. Despite being heavily studied, no interconnected dynamic stability and performance analysis of AGC…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-06 John W. Simpson-Porco

As modern power systems continue to evolve into multi-agent, converter-dominated systems that demand reliable, stable, and optimal control architectures within an expandable framework, this paper investigates scalable stability guarantees…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-24 Cornelia Skaga , Mahdieh S. Sadabadi , Gilbert Bergna-Diaz

The increasing share of converter based resources in power systems calls for scalable methods to analyse stability without relying on exhaustive system wide simulations. Decentralized small gain and small-phase criteria have recently been…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Diego Cifelli , Adolfo Anta

As the energy transition transforms power grids across the globe, it poses several challenges regarding grid design and control. In particular, high levels of intermittent renewable generation complicate the task of continuously balancing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-08-07 Randall Martyr , Benjamin Schaefer , Christian Beck , Vito Latora

Power system operators need tools for rapid, real-time counterfactual assessments of grid security under fast-changing conditions. Traditional N-1 contingency analysis lacks dynamic evaluation, especially of frequency swings from common…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-10-22 Ayrton Almada , Laurent Pagnier , Igal Goldshtein , Saif R. Kazi , Michael , Chertkov

DC microgrids are prone to small-signal instabilities due to the presence of tightly regulated loads. This paper develops a decentralized stability certificate which is capable of certifying the small-signal stability of an islanded DC…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-09 Samuel Chevalier , Federico Martin Ibanez , Kathleen Cavanagh , Konstantin Turitsyn , Luca Daniel , Petr Vorobev

The highly fluctuated renewable generations and electric vehicles have undergone tremendous growth in recent years. The majority of them are connected to the grid via power electronic devices, resulting in wide variation ranges for several…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-13 Likai Liu , Zechun Hu , Asad Mujeeb

The wide deployment of renewable generation and the gradual decrease in the overall system inertia make modern power grids more vulnerable to transient instabilities and unacceptable frequency fluctuations. Time-domain simulation-based…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-03 Dongchan Lee , Liviu Aolaritei , Thanh Long Vu , Konstantin Turitsyn

Future active distribution grids (ADGs) will incorporate a plethora of Distributed Generators (DGs) and other Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), allowing them to provide ancillary services in grid-connected mode and, if necessary, operate…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-13 Stavros Karagiannopoulos , Jannick Gallmann , Marina Gonzalez Vaya , Petros Aristidou , Gabriela Hug

Distributed control, as a potential solution to decreasing communication demands in microgrids, has drawn much attention in recent years. Advantages of distributed control have been extensively discussed, while its impacts on microgrid…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Yimajian Yan , Di Shi , Desong Bian , Bibin Huang , Zhehan Yi , Zhiwei Wang

Grid-forming voltage source converter (GF-VSC) has been identified as the key technology for the operation of future converter-dominated power systems. Among many other issues, transient stability of this type of power systems remains an…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-09 Régulo E. Ávila-Martínez , Javier Renedo , Luis Rouco , Aurelio García-Cerrada , Lukas Sigrist , Taoufik Qoria , Xavier Guillaud

Primary Frequency Control (PFC) is a fast acting mechanism used to ensure high-quality power for the grid that is becoming an increasingly attractive option for load participation. Due to speed requirement and other considerations, it is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-23 Joshua Comden , Tan N. Le , Yue Zhao , Bong Jun Choi , Zhenhua Liu
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