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Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong general intelligence, yet their multilingual performance remains highly imbalanced. Although LLMs encode substantial cross-lingual knowledge in a unified semantic space, they often struggle to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Mengyu Bu , Yang Feng

Alignment with high-resource standard languages is often assumed to aid the modeling of related low-resource varieties. We challenge this assumption by demonstrating that excessive representational entanglement with a dominant variety, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Ahmed Elshabrawy , Hour Kaing , Haiyue Song , Alham Fikri Aji , Hideki Tanaka , Masao Utiyama , Raj Dabre

Large language models (LLMs) are prone to hallucination stemming from misaligned self-awareness, particularly when processing queries exceeding their knowledge boundaries. While existing mitigation strategies employ uncertainty estimation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Hang Zheng , Hongshen Xu , Yuncong Liu , Lu Chen , Pascale Fung , Kai Yu

Although behavioral studies have documented numerical reasoning errors in large language models (LLMs), the underlying representational mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesize that numerical attributes occupy shared latent subspaces and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Hirohane Takagi , Gouki Minegishi , Shota Kizawa , Issey Sukeda , Hitomi Yanaka

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become essential for offensive language detection, yet their ability to handle annotation disagreement remains underexplored. Disagreement samples, which arise from subjective interpretations, pose a unique…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Junyu Lu , Kai Ma , Kaichun Wang , Kelaiti Xiao , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Bo Xu , Liang Yang , Hongfei Lin

Although LLMs have attained significant success in high-resource languages, their capacity in low-resource linguistic environments like Kannada and Arabic is not yet fully understood. This work benchmarking the performance of multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Maitha Alshehhi , Ahmed Sharshar , Mohsen Guizani

Large Language Models (LLMs) store an extensive amount of factual knowledge obtained from vast collections of text. To effectively utilize these models for downstream tasks, it is crucial to have reliable methods for measuring their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Pouya Pezeshkpour

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) develop cross-lingual abilities despite being trained on limited parallel data. However, they often struggle to generate responses in the intended language, favoring high-resource languages such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Elnaz Rahmati , Alireza S. Ziabari , Morteza Dehghani

Large language models (LLMs) encode vast amounts of knowledge during pre-training (parametric knowledge, or PK) and can further be enhanced by incorporating contextual knowledge (CK). Can LLMs effectively integrate their internal PK with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Sitao Cheng , Liangming Pan , Xunjian Yin , Xinyi Wang , William Yang Wang

Faithful generation in large language models (LLMs) is challenged by knowledge conflicts between parametric memory and external context. Existing contrastive decoding methods tuned specifically to handle conflict often lack adaptability and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Anant Khandelwal , Manish Gupta , Puneet Agrawal

Humanitarian organizations face a critical choice: invest in costly commercial APIs or rely on free open-weight models for multilingual human rights monitoring. While commercial systems offer reliability, open-weight alternatives lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Poli Nemkova , Amrit Adhikari , Matthew Pearson , Vamsi Krishna Sadu , Mark V. Albert

The development of highly fluent large language models (LLMs) has prompted increased interest in assessing their reasoning and problem-solving capabilities. We investigate whether several LLMs can solve a classic type of deductive reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Spencer M. Seals , Valerie L. Shalin

In the training data used by large language models (LLMs), the same latent concept is often presented in multiple distinct ways: the same facts appear in English and Swahili; many functions can be expressed in both Python and Haskell; we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Thomas Vincent Howe , David Wingate

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated strong capabilities in code-related tasks, but their robustness in code reasoning under perturbations remains underexplored. We introduce CodeCrash, a stress-testing framework with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Man Ho Lam , Chaozheng Wang , Jen-tse Huang , Michael R. Lyu

While multilingual large language models generally perform adequately, and sometimes even rival English performance on high-resource languages (HRLs), they often significantly underperform on low-resource languages (LRLs). Among several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yilei Tu , Andrew Xue , Freda Shi

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have become widely used in medical applications, such as clinical decision support, medical education, and medical question answering. Yet, these models are often English-centric, limiting their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Chaimae Abouzahir , Congbo Ma , Nizar Habash , Farah E. Shamout

Despite the recent successes of large, pretrained neural language models (LLMs), comparatively little is known about the representations of linguistic structure they learn during pretraining, which can lead to unexpected behaviors in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Adam Davies , Jize Jiang , ChengXiang Zhai

While large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being explored for mental health applications, recent studies reveal that they can exhibit stigma toward individuals with psychological conditions. Existing evaluations of this stigma…

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit sycophancy, distorting responses to align with user beliefs, notably by readily agreeing with user counterarguments. Paradoxically, LLMs are increasingly adopted as successful evaluative agents for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Sungwon Kim , Daniel Khashabi

Large Language Models offer impressive language capabilities but suffer from well-known limitations, including hallucinations, biases, privacy concerns, and high computational costs. These issues are largely driven by the combination of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jaime Collado-Montañez , L. Alfonso Ureña-López , Arturo Montejo-Ráez