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Generalization to novel compound tasks under distribution shift is important for deploying transformer-based language models (LMs). This work investigates Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning as a means to enhance OOD generalization. Through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Ru Wang , Wei Huang , Selena Song , Haoyu Zhang , Qian Niu , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo , Jiaxian Guo

In this paper, we establish generalization bounds for transductive learning algorithms in the context of information theory and PAC-Bayes, covering both the random sampling and the random splitting setting. First, we show that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Huayi Tang , Yong Liu

Generalization error bounds for deep neural networks trained by stochastic gradient descent (SGD) are derived by combining a dynamical control of an appropriate parameter norm and the Rademacher complexity estimate based on parameter norms.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Mingze Wang , Chao Ma

We introduce and analyze a new type of decoding algorithm called General Color Clustering (GCC), based on renormalization group methods, to be used in qudit color codes. The performance of this decoder is analyzed under code capacity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-20 Jacob Marks , Tomas Jochym-O'Connor , Vlad Gheorghiu

This paper concerns itself with the question of list decoding for general adversarial channels, e.g., bit-flip ($\textsf{XOR}$) channels, erasure channels, $\textsf{AND}$ ($Z$-) channels, $\textsf{OR}$ channels, real adder channels, noisy…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Yihan Zhang , Amitalok J. Budkuley , Sidharth Jaggi

In recent years, several results in the supervised learning setting suggested that classical statistical learning-theoretic measures, such as VC dimension, do not adequately explain the performance of deep learning models which prompted a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Pascal Mattia Esser , Leena Chennuru Vankadara , Debarghya Ghoshdastidar

We study universal decoding over unknown discrete additive channels determined by a finite-state (unifilar) random process. Aiming at low-complexity decoders, we study variants of noise-guessing decoders that use estimators for the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Henrique K. Miyamoto , Sheng Yang

We analyze the trade-off between the undetected error probability (i.e., the probability that the channel decoder outputs an erroneous message without detecting the error) and the total error probability in the short blocklength regime. We…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Alexander Sauter , A. Oguz Kislal , Giuseppe Durisi , Gianluigi Liva , Balazs Matuz , Erik G. Ström

When a channel model is available, learning how to communicate on fading noisy channels can be formulated as the (unsupervised) training of an autoencoder consisting of the cascade of encoder, channel, and decoder. An important limitation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-22 Sangwoo Park , Osvaldo Simeone , Joonhyuk Kang

We propose a general framework for decoding quantum error-correcting codes with generative modeling. The model utilizes autoregressive neural networks, specifically Transformers, to learn the joint probability of logical operators and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Hanyan Cao , Feng Pan , Yijia Wang , Pan Zhang

The fundamental limits of channels with mismatched decoding are addressed. A general formula is established for the mismatch capacity of a general channel, defined as a sequence of conditional distributions with a general decoding metrics…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-10-01 Anelia Somekh-Baruch

In recent proposals of quantum circuit models for generative tasks, the discussion about their performance has been limited to their ability to reproduce a known target distribution. For example, expressive model families such as Quantum…

Channel capacities quantify the optimal rates of sending information reliably over noisy channels. Usually, the study of capacities assumes that the circuits which sender and receiver use for encoding and decoding consist of perfectly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-15 Paula Belzig , Matthias Christandl , Alexander Müller-Hermes

Overparameterized deep networks that generalize well have been key to the dramatic success of deep learning in recent years. The reasons for their remarkable ability to generalize are not well understood yet. When class labels in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Simran Ketha , Venkatakrishnan Ramaswamy

We consider transmission of stationary and ergodic sources over non-ergodic composite channels with channel state information at the receiver (CSIR). Previously we introduced alternate capacity definitions to Shannon capacity, including the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-02-27 Yifan Liang , Andrea Goldsmith , Michelle Effros

Generalization to unseen instances is our eternal pursuit for all data-driven models. However, for realistic task like machine translation, the traditional approach measuring generalization in an average sense provides poor understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Guanlin Li , Lemao Liu , Conghui Zhu , Tiejun Zhao , Shuming Shi

At present, people usually use some methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for Electroencephalograph (EEG) decoding. However, CNNs have limitations in perceiving global dependencies, which is not adequate for common EEG…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-23 Yonghao Song , Xueyu Jia , Lie Yang , Longhan Xie

Being one of the IR-NAT (Iterative-refinemennt-based NAT) frameworks, the Conditional Masked Language Model (CMLM) adopts the mask-predict paradigm to re-predict the masked low-confidence tokens. However, CMLM suffers from the data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Xinran Chen , Sufeng Duan , Gongshen Liu

A fundamental challenge in deep metric learning is the generalization capability of the feature embedding network model since the embedding network learned on training classes need to be evaluated on new test classes. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Shichao Kan , Yixiong Liang , Min Li , Yigang Cen , Jianxin Wang , Zhihai He

Algorithm- and data-dependent generalization bounds are required to explain the generalization behavior of modern machine learning algorithms. In this context, there exists information theoretic generalization bounds that involve (various…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-07 Sarah Sachs , Tim van Erven , Liam Hodgkinson , Rajiv Khanna , Umut Simsekli