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Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been witnessed its potential for training a dialogue policy agent towards maximizing the accumulated rewards given from users. However, the reward can be very sparse for it is usually only provided at the end…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Hongru Wang , Huimin Wang , Zezhong Wang , Kam-Fai Wong

Conversational Recommender Systems (CRSs) engage users in multi-turn interactions to deliver personalized recommendations. The emergence of large language models (LLMs) further enhances these systems by enabling more natural and dynamic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Xiaoyan Zhao , Yang Deng , Wenjie Wang , Hongzhan lin , Hong Cheng , Rui Zhang , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

In this work, we propose a novel framework that integrates large language models (LLMs) with an RL-based dialogue manager for open-ended dialogue with a specific goal. By leveraging hierarchical reinforcement learning to model the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Lucie Galland , Catherine Pelachaud , Florian Pecune

Research on dialogue constructiveness assessment focuses on (i) analysing conversational factors that influence individuals to take specific actions, win debates, change their perspectives or broaden their open-mindedness and (ii)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Lexin Zhou , Youmna Farag , Andreas Vlachos

In this paper, we present a deep reinforcement learning (RL) framework for iterative dialog policy optimization in end-to-end task-oriented dialog systems. Popular approaches in learning dialog policy with RL include letting a dialog agent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Bing Liu , Ian Lane

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as conversational partners for learning, yet the interactional dynamics supporting users' learning and engagement are understudied. We analyze the linguistic and interactional features from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Shaz Furniturewala , Gerard Christopher Yeo , Kokil Jaidka

A core challenge for faithful LLM role-playing is sustaining consistent characterization throughout long, open-ended dialogues, as models frequently fail to recall and accurately apply their designated persona knowledge without explicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Kai Wang , Haoyang You , Yang Zhang , Zhongjie Wang

Large language models (LLMs) possess strong persuasive capabilities that outperform humans in head-to-head comparisons. Users report consulting LLMs to inform major life decisions in relationships, medical settings, and when seeking…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Nalin Poungpeth , Nicholas Clark , Tanu Mitra

End-to-end multi-task dialogue systems are usually designed with separate modules for the dialogue pipeline. Among these, the policy module is essential for deciding what to do in response to user input. This policy is trained by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Navin Kamuni , Hardik Shah , Sathishkumar Chintala , Naveen Kunchakuri , Sujatha Alla Old Dominion

Estimating the persuasiveness of messages is critical in various applications, from recommender systems to safety assessment of LLMs. While it is imperative to consider the target persuadee's characteristics, such as their values,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sejun Park , Yoonah Park , Jongwon Lim , Yohan Jo

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in interactive systems necessitates a deep alignment with the nuanced and dynamic preferences of individual users. Current alignment techniques predominantly address universal human values or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Xiaotian Zhang , Yuan Wang , Ruizhe Chen , Zeya Wang , Runchen Hou , Zuozhu Liu

Language systems have been of great interest to the research community and have recently reached the mass market through various assistant platforms on the web. Reinforcement Learning methods that optimize dialogue policies have seen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Floris den Hengst , Mark Hoogendoorn , Frank van Harmelen , Joost Bosman

To predict what someone will say is to model how they think. We study this through next-turn dialogue prediction: given a conversation, predict the next utterance produced by a person. We compare learning approaches along two dimensions:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Kanishk Gandhi , Agam Bhatia , Noah D. Goodman

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) can provide personalized and self-paced learning experience. The emergence of large language models (LLMs) further enables better human-machine interaction, and facilitates the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Zhengyuan Liu , Stella Xin Yin , Geyu Lin , Nancy F. Chen

Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods have emerged as a popular choice for training an efficient and effective dialogue policy. However, these methods suffer from sparse and unstable reward signals returned by a user simulator only when a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Ziming Li , Sungjin Lee , Baolin Peng , Jinchao Li , Julia Kiseleva , Maarten de Rijke , Shahin Shayandeh , Jianfeng Gao

Large language models (LLMs), due to their advanced natural language capabilities, have seen significant success in applications where the user interface is usually a conversational artificial intelligence (AI) agent and engages the user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Fei Wei , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding

Large language models (LLMs) excel at logical and algorithmic reasoning, yet their emotional intelligence (EQ) still lags far behind their cognitive prowess. While reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards (RLVR) has advanced in other…

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), has opened exciting possibilities for constructing computational simulations designed to replicate human behavior accurately. Current research suggests that LLM-based agents become increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Amir Taubenfeld , Yaniv Dover , Roi Reichart , Ariel Goldstein

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in conversational systems by generating human-like responses. However, they can fall short, especially when required to account for personalization or specific knowledge. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Soyeong Jeong , Aparna Elangovan , Emine Yilmaz , Oleg Rokhlenko

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly persuasive, demonstrating the ability to personalize arguments in conversation with humans by leveraging their personal data. This may have serious impacts on the scale and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Jasper Timm , Chetan Talele , Jacob Haimes