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Vision Language Models (VLMs) often struggle with chart understanding tasks, particularly in accurate chart description and complex reasoning. Synthetic data generation is a promising solution, while usually facing the challenge of noise…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Gongyao Jiang , Qiong Luo

Equality saturation (EqSat) is a powerful optimization paradigm that compactly represents many equivalent programs in an e-graph and delays commitment until extraction selects a lowest-cost program. Making EqSat effective, therefore,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chenyun Yin , Youwei Xiao , Yuze Luo , Yuyang Zou , Yun Liang

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with complex reasoning due to limited diversity and inefficient search. We propose Soft Reasoning, an embedding-based search framework that optimises the embedding of the first token to guide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Qinglin Zhu , Runcong Zhao , Hanqi Yan , Yulan He , Yudong Chen , Lin Gui

Synthesizing a program that realizes a logical specification is a classical problem in computer science. We examine a particular type of program synthesis, where the objective is to synthesize a strategy that reacts to a potentially…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Alberto Camacho , Sheila A. McIlraith

Reinforcement Learning (RL) plays a crucial role in advancing autonomous driving technologies by maximizing reward functions to achieve the optimal policy. However, crafting these reward functions has been a complex, manual process in many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Xu Han , Qiannan Yang , Xianda Chen , Xiaowen Chu , Meixin Zhu

One of the primary driving forces contributing to the superior performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is the extensive availability of human-annotated natural language data, which is used for alignment fine-tuning. This inspired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Fangzhi Xu , Qiushi Sun , Kanzhi Cheng , Jun Liu , Yu Qiao , Zhiyong Wu

Molecular discovery, when formulated as an optimization problem, presents significant computational challenges because optimization objectives can be non-differentiable. Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs), often used to optimize black-box…

Prompt engineering has proven to be a crucial step in leveraging pretrained large language models (LLMs) in solving various real-world tasks. Numerous solutions have been proposed that seek to automate prompt engineering by using the model…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in code generation tasks. However, there remains a performance gap between open-source and closed-source models. To address this gap, existing approaches typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Weijie Lv , Xuan Xia , Sheng-Jun Huang

How to automatically design better machine learning programs is an open problem within AutoML. While evolution has been a popular tool to search for better ML programs, using learning itself to guide the search has been less successful and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-09 John D. Co-Reyes , Yingjie Miao , George Tucker , Aleksandra Faust , Esteban Real

Many real-world coding challenges are open-ended and admit no known optimal solution. Yet, recent progress in LLM coding has focused on well-defined tasks such as feature implementation, bug fixing, and competitive programming. Open-ended…

Recent advances in mathematical problem-solving with language models (LMs) integrate chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning and code execution to harness their complementary strengths. However, existing hybrid frameworks exhibit a critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Haozhe Wang , Long Li , Chao Qu , Fengming Zhu , Weidi Xu , Wei Chu , Fangzhen Lin

Running LLMs with extended reasoning on every problem is expensive, but determining which inputs actually require additional compute remains challenging. We investigate whether their own likelihood of success is recoverable from their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 William Lugoloobi , Thomas Foster , William Bankes , Chris Russell

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit world knowledge and inference capabilities, making them powerful tools for various applications. This paper proposes a feedback loop mechanism that leverages these capabilities to tune Evolution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Oliver Kramer

Equation discovery is aimed at directly extracting physical laws from data and has emerged as a pivotal research domain. Previous methods based on symbolic mathematics have achieved substantial advancements, but often require the design of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Mengge Du , Yuntian Chen , Zhongzheng Wang , Longfeng Nie , Dongxiao Zhang

Given the recent impressive accomplishments of language models (LMs) for code generation, we explore the use of LMs as adaptive mutation and crossover operators for an evolutionary neural architecture search (NAS) algorithm. While NAS still…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Angelica Chen , David M. Dohan , David R. So

Evolutionary algorithms serve as a powerful paradigm for tackling optimization challenges, yet their reliance on manually engineered heuristics inherently limits their adaptability across diverse landscapes. However, the transition from the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Jiaxin Gao , Yaohua Liu , Ran Cheng , Kay Chen Tan

This paper introduces a novel code-to-code search technique that enhances the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) by including both static and dynamic features as well as utilizing both similar and dissimilar examples during…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Anthony Saieva , Saikat Chakraborty , Gail Kaiser

Pre-trained large language models (LLMs) exhibit powerful capabilities for generating natural text. Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) can discover diverse solutions to complex real-world problems. Motivated by the common collective and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Chao Wang , Jiaxuan Zhao , Licheng Jiao , Lingling Li , Fang Liu , Shuyuan Yang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in multilingual contexts, yet their capacity for consistent, logically grounded alignment across languages remains underexplored. We present a controlled evaluation framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Samir Abdaljalil , Erchin Serpedin , Khalid Qaraqe , Hasan Kurban