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Recent multilingual named entity recognition (NER) work has shown that large language models (LLMs) can provide effective synthetic supervision, yet such datasets have mostly appeared as by-products of broader experiments rather than as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Jonas Golde , Patrick Haller , Alan Akbik

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a key step in the creation of structured data from digitised historical documents. Traditional NER approaches deal with flat named entities, whereas entities often are nested. For example, a postal address…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Solenn Tual , Nathalie Abadie , J Chazalon , Bertrand Duménieu , Edwin Carlinet

In the domain of Natural Language Processing (NLP), Named Entity Recognition (NER) stands out as a pivotal mechanism for extracting structured insights from unstructured text. This manuscript offers an exhaustive exploration into the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Kalyani Pakhale

Named entity disambiguation (NED), which involves mapping textual mentions to structured entities, is particularly challenging in the medical domain due to the presence of rare entities. Existing approaches are limited by the presence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Maya Varma , Laurel Orr , Sen Wu , Megan Leszczynski , Xiao Ling , Christopher Ré

Named entity recognition (NER) is widely used in natural language processing applications and downstream tasks. However, most NER tools target flat annotation from popular datasets, eschewing the semantic information available in nested…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Nicky Ringland , Xiang Dai , Ben Hachey , Sarvnaz Karimi , Cecile Paris , James R. Curran

Deep neural network models have helped named entity (NE) recognition achieve amazing performance without handcrafting features. However, existing systems require large amounts of human annotated training data. Efforts have been made to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Ying Luo , Hai Zhao , Junlang Zhan

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is an essential steppingstone in the field of natural language processing. Although promising performance has been achieved by various distantly supervised models, we argue that distant supervision inevitably…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Xinwei Chen , Kun Li , Tianyou Song , Jiangjian Guo

Supervised named entity recognition (NER) in the biomedical domain depends on large sets of annotated texts with the given named entities. The creation of such datasets can be time-consuming and expensive, while extraction of new entities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Miloš Košprdić , Nikola Prodanović , Adela Ljajić , Bojana Bašaragin , Nikola Milošević

Information extraction techniques, including named entity recognition (NER) and relation extraction (RE), are crucial in many domains to support making sense of vast amounts of unstructured text data by identifying and connecting relevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Mingjie Li , Karin Verspoor

Although named entity recognition (NER) helps us to extract domain-specific entities from text (e.g., artists in the music domain), it is costly to create a large amount of training data or a structured knowledge base to perform accurate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Kosuke Nishida , Naoki Yoshinaga , Kyosuke Nishida

Although pre-trained named entity recognition (NER) models are highly accurate on modern corpora, they underperform on historical texts due to differences in language OCR errors. In this work, we develop a new NER corpus of 3.6M sentences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Vít Novotný , Kristýna Luger , Michal Štefánik , Tereza Vrabcová , Aleš Horák

Extracting structured information from scientific literature is critical for accelerating discovery, yet Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle in specialized domains that require expert knowledge and generalize poorly across tasks. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Tek Raj Chhetri , Yibei Chen , Puja Trivedi , Dorota Jarecka , Saif Haobsh , Patrick Ray , Lydia Ng , Satrajit S. Ghosh

Biomedical Named Entity Recognition presents significant challenges due to the complexity of biomedical terminology and inconsistencies in annotation across datasets. This paper introduces SRU-NER (Slot-based Recurrent Unit NER), a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 João Ruano , Gonçalo M. Correia , Leonor Barreiros , Afonso Mendes

High-quality pixel-level annotations are essential for the semantic segmentation of remote sensing imagery. However, such labels are expensive to obtain and often affected by noise due to the labor-intensive and time-consuming nature of…

In NLP, fine-tuning LLMs is effective for various applications but requires high-quality annotated data. However, manual annotation of data is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and costly. Therefore, LLMs are increasingly used to automate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Muhammad Uzair Ul Haq , Davide Rigoni , Alessandro Sperduti

Named entity recognition (NER) stands as a fundamental and pivotal task within the realm of Natural Language Processing. Particularly within the domain of Biomedical Method NER, this task presents notable challenges, stemming from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Chen Tang , Bohao Yang , Kun Zhao , Bo Lv , Chenghao Xiao , Frank Guerin , Chenghua Lin

Named Entity Recognition (NER) in domains like e-commerce is an understudied problem due to the lack of annotated datasets. Recognizing novel entity types in this domain, such as products, components, and attributes, is challenging because…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Hanchu Zhang , Leonhard Hennig , Christoph Alt , Changjian Hu , Yao Meng , Chao Wang

Many recent named entity recognition (NER) studies criticize flat NER for its non-overlapping assumption, and switch to investigating nested NER. However, existing nested NER models heavily rely on training data annotated with nested…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Enwei Zhu , Yiyang Liu , Ming Jin , Jinpeng Li

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a machine learning task that traditionally relies on supervised learning and annotated data. Acquiring such data is often a challenge, particularly in specialized fields like medical, legal, and financial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Arthur Elwing Torres , Edleno Silva de Moura , Altigran Soares da Silva , Mario A. Nascimento , Filipe Mesquita

Accurate segmentation and classification of nuclei in histology images is critical but challenging due to nuclei heterogeneity, staining variations, and tissue complexity. Existing methods often struggle with limited dataset variability,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Wenhua Zhang , Sen Yang , Meiwei Luo , Chuan He , Yuchen Li , Jun Zhang , Xiyue Wang , Fang Wang
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