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Micro and small enterprises (SMEs) remain structurally vulnerable to cyber threats while facing capacity constraints that make formal compliance burdensome. This article develops a governance design model for proportionate SME…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Roberto Garrone

Criminal networks arise from the unique attempt to balance a need of establishing frequent ties among affiliates to facilitate the coordination of illegal activities, with the necessity to sparsify the overall connectivity architecture to…

Applications · Statistics 2024-11-01 Chaoyi Lu , Daniele Durante , Nial Friel

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used to augment and automate cyber operations, altering the scale, speed, and accessibility of malicious activity. These shifts raise urgent questions about when AI systems introduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Krystal Jackson , Deepika Raman , Jessica Newman , Nada Madkour , Charlotte Yuan , Evan R. Murphy

As cyber threats become more complex, modern networks struggle to balance security, scalability, and computational efficiency. While quantum computing offers a promising solution, adoption is limited by scalability constraints,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-12 Shakil Ahmed , Ibne Farabi Shihab , Ashfaq Khokhar

Zero-Touch Networks (ZTNs) represent a state-of-the-art paradigm shift towards fully automated and intelligent network management, enabling the automation and intelligence required to manage the complexity, scale, and dynamic nature of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Li Yang , Mirna El Rajab , Abdallah Shami , Sami Muhaidat

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are known to play a vital role in economic growth, employment, and innovation. However, they tend to face significant challenges in accessing credit due to limited financial histories, collateral…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-13 Sahab Zandi , Kamesh Korangi , Juan C. Moreno-Paredes , María Óskarsdóttir , Christophe Mues , Cristián Bravo

The microservice bombshells that have been linked with the microservice expansion have altered the application architectures, offered agility and scalability in terms of complexity in security trade-offs. Feeble legacy-based perimeter-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Rethish Nair Rajendran , Sathish Krishna Anumula , Dileep Kumar Rai , Sachin Agrawal

In this paper we present a study on using novel data types to perform cyber risk quantification by estimating the likelihood of a data breach. We demonstrate that it is feasible to build a highly accurate cyber risk assessment model using…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Armin Sarabi , Manish Karir , Mingyan Liu

The cybersecurity threat landscape is constantly actively making it imperative to develop sound frameworks to protect the IT structures. Based on this introduction, this paper aims to discuss the application of cybersecurity frameworks into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Amit Lokare , Shripad Bankar , Padmajeet Mhaske

Defending against botnets has always been a cat and mouse game. Cyber-security researchers and government agencies attempt to detect and take down botnets by playing the role of the cat. In this context, a lot of work has been done towards…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-12 Emmanouil Vasilomanolakis , Jan Helge Wolf , Leon Böck , Shankar Karuppayah , Max Mühlhäuser

The present paper shows a proposal of the characteristics Cloud Risk Assessment Models should have and presents the review of the literature considering those characteristics in order to identify current gaps. This work shows a ranking of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Carlos Bendicho

Small and medium-sized enterprises are considered an essential part of the EU economy, however, highly vulnerable to cyberattacks. SMEs have specific characteristics which separate them from large companies and influence their adoption of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Alireza Shojaifar , Samuel A. Fricker

In the rapidly evolving digital landscape, where organisations are increasingly vulnerable to cybersecurity threats, Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Models (CCMMs) emerge as pivotal tools in enhancing organisational cybersecurity posture.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Lasini Liyanage , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage , Giovanni Russello

The increased connectivity and potential insider threats make traditional network defense vulnerable. Instead of assuming that everything behind the security perimeter is safe, the zero-trust security model verifies every incoming request…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Yunfei Ge , Quanyan Zhu

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) are considered more vulnerable to cyber-attacks. However, and based on SMEs characteristics, they do not adopt good cybersecurity practices. To address the SMEs security adoption problem, we are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Alireza Shojaifar

The rapid digitalisation of SMEs, further expedited as a business continuity measure against Covid19 impact, has brought along major cybersecurity challenges, as it creates a fertile landscape for malicious actors, that want to capitalise…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Nefeli Bountouni , Sotiris Koussouris , Alexandros Vasileiou , Stylianos A. Kazazis

Space infrastructures have become an underpinning of modern society, but their associated cyber risks are little understood. This Dissertation advances the state-of-the-art via four contributions. (i) It introduces an innovative framework…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ekzhin Ear

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) have become the weak spot of our economy for cyber attacks. These companies are large in number and often do not have the controls in place to prevent successful attacks, respectively are not…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Alireza Shojaifar , Samuel A. Fricker , Martin Gwerder

Third-party libraries like Log4j accelerate software application development but introduce substantial risk. Vulnerabilities in these libraries have led to Software Supply Chain (SSC) attacks that compromised resources within the host…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Paschal C. Amusuo , Kyle A. Robinson , Tanmay Singla , Huiyun Peng , Aravind Machiry , Santiago Torres-Arias , Laurent Simon , James C. Davis

The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive budget conscious security plan for smaller enterprises that lack security guidelines.The authors believe this paper will assist users to write an individualized security plan. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-12-02 Margie Todd , Shawon Rahman