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Large Language Models (LLMs) have become powerful tools for automated code generation. However, these models often overlook critical security practices, which can result in the generation of insecure code that contains…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Hao Yan , Swapneel Suhas Vaidya , Xiaokuan Zhang , Ziyu Yao

Large Language Models (LLMs) show remarkable capabilities in understanding natural language and generating complex code. However, as practitioners adopt CodeLLMs for increasingly critical development tasks, research reveals that these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Maximilian Wendlinger , Daniel Kowatsch , Konstantin Böttinger , Philip Sperl

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining momentum in software development with prompt-driven programming enabling developers to create code from natural language (NL) instructions. However, studies have questioned their ability to produce…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Catherine Tony , Nicolás E. Díaz Ferreyra , Markus Mutas , Salem Dhiff , Riccardo Scandariato

Ensuring the safety of large language model (LLM) applications is essential for developing trustworthy artificial intelligence. Current LLM safety benchmarks have two limitations. First, they focus solely on either discriminative or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Yutao Mou , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Automatic program generation has long been a fundamental challenge in computer science. Recent benchmarks have shown that large language models (LLMs) can effectively generate code at the function level, make code edits, and solve…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Mark Vero , Niels Mündler , Victor Chibotaru , Veselin Raychev , Maximilian Baader , Nikola Jovanović , Jingxuan He , Martin Vechev

Prompt engineering reduces reasoning mistakes in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, its effectiveness in mitigating vulnerabilities in LLM-generated code remains underexplored. To address this gap, we implemented a benchmark to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Marc Bruni , Fabio Gabrielli , Mohammad Ghafari , Martin Kropp

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated potential in cybersecurity applications but have also caused lower confidence due to problems like hallucinations and a lack of truthfulness. Existing benchmarks provide general evaluations but…

Large language models (LLMs) are now widely used to draft and refactor code, but code that works is not necessarily secure. We evaluate secure code generation using the Instruct Prime, which eliminated compliance-required prompts and cue…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Arup Datta , Ahmed Aljohani , Hyunsook Do

As large language models (LLMs) rapidly evolve, they bring significant conveniences to our work and daily lives, but also introduce considerable safety risks. These models can generate texts with social biases or unethical content, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Zhihao Liu , Chenhui Hu

Converting high-level tasks described by natural language into formal specifications like Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is a key step towards providing formal safety guarantees over cyber-physical systems (CPS). While the compliance of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Junle Li , Siqi Chen , Jiakai Li , Meiqi Tian , Bingzhuo Zhong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been suggested for use in automated vulnerability repair, but benchmarks showing they can consistently identify security-related bugs are lacking. We thus develop SecLLMHolmes, a fully automated evaluation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Saad Ullah , Mingji Han , Saurabh Pujar , Hammond Pearce , Ayse Coskun , Gianluca Stringhini

Automatically generating source code from natural language using large language models (LLMs) is becoming common, yet security vulnerabilities persist despite advances in fine tuning and prompting. In this work, we systematically evaluate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Bushra Sabir , Shigang Liu , Seung Ick Jang , Sharif Abuadbba , Yansong Gao , Kristen Moore , SangCheol Kim , Hyoungshick Kim , Surya Nepal

We witness an increasing usage of AI-assistants even for routine (classroom) programming tasks. However, the code generated on basis of a so called "prompt" by the programmer does not always meet accepted security standards. On the one…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Stefan Goetz , Andreas Schaad

The security of code generated by large language models (LLMs) is a significant concern, as studies indicate that such code often contains vulnerabilities and lacks essential defensive programming constructs. This work focuses on examining…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Muhammad Usman Shahid , Chuadhry Mujeeb Ahmed , Rajiv Ranjan

Rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has achieved major advances in reasoning, planning, and function-calling capabilities. Multi-agentic collaborative frameworks using such LLMs place them at the center of solving software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Swapnil Shinde , Sahil Wadhwa , Andy Luo , Akshay Gupta , Mohammad Shahed Sorower

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in code generation, achieving high scores on benchmarks such as HumanEval and MBPP. However, these benchmarks primarily assess functional correctness and neglect broader…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Scott Blyth , Sherlock A. Licorish , Christoph Treude , Markus Wagner

The rapid deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) requires careful consideration of their effect on cybersecurity. Our work aims to improve the selection process of LLMs that are suitable for facilitating Secure Coding (SC). This raises…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Anton Rydén , Erik Näslund , Elad Michael Schiller , Magnus Almgren

With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), increasing attention has been paid to their safety concerns. Consequently, evaluating the safety of LLMs has become an essential task for facilitating the broad applications of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Zhexin Zhang , Leqi Lei , Lindong Wu , Rui Sun , Yongkang Huang , Chong Long , Xiao Liu , Xuanyu Lei , Jie Tang , Minlie Huang

Large language models (LLMs) introduce new security risks, but there are few comprehensive evaluation suites to measure and reduce these risks. We present BenchmarkName, a novel benchmark to quantify LLM security risks and capabilities. We…

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed code generation. However, most existing approaches focus on mainstream languages such as Python and Java, neglecting the Solidity language, the predominant programming language for Ethereum…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Zhiyuan Peng , Xin Yin , Rui Qian , Peiqin Lin , Yongkang Liu , Hao Zhang , Chenhao Ying , Yuan Luo