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Protecting online privacy requires users to engage with and comprehend website privacy policies, but many policies are difficult and tedious to read. We present the first qualitative user study on Large Language Model (LLM)-driven privacy…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Vincent Freiberger , Arthur Fleig , Erik Buchmann

Privacy policies are widely used by digital services and often required for legal purposes. Many machine learning based classifiers have been developed to automate detection of different concepts in a given privacy policy, which can help…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Yuxin Chen , Peng Tang , Weidong Qiu , Shujun Li

While many online services provide privacy policies for end users to read and understand what personal data are being collected, these documents are often lengthy and complicated. As a result, the vast majority of users do not read them at…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Bhanuka Silva , Dishanika Denipitiyage , Suranga Seneviratne , Anirban Mahanti , Aruna Seneviratne

This paper presents a novel application of large language models (LLMs) to enhance user comprehension of privacy policies through an interactive dialogue agent. We demonstrate that LLMs significantly outperform traditional models in tasks…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Bolun Sun , Yifan Zhou , Haiyun Jiang

Privacy policies are crucial in the online ecosystem, defining how services handle user data and adhere to regulations such as GDPR and CCPA. However, their complexity and frequent updates often make them difficult for stakeholders to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Ashish Hooda , Rishabh Khandelwal , Prasad Chalasani , Kassem Fawaz , Somesh Jha

The rise of end-user applications powered by large language models (LLMs), including both conversational interfaces and add-ons to existing graphical user interfaces (GUIs), introduces new privacy challenges. However, many users remain…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Chaoran Chen , Daodao Zhou , Yanfang Ye , Toby Jia-jun Li , Yaxing Yao

Understanding and engaging with privacy policies is crucial for online privacy, yet these documents remain notoriously complex and difficult to navigate. We present PRISMe, an interactive browser extension that combines LLM-based policy…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Vincent Freiberger , Arthur Fleig , Erik Buchmann

Privacy policies serve as the primary conduit through which online service providers inform users about their data collection and usage procedures. However, in a bid to be comprehensive and mitigate legal risks, these policy documents are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Chenhao Tang , Zhengliang Liu , Chong Ma , Zihao Wu , Yiwei Li , Wei Liu , Dajiang Zhu , Quanzheng Li , Xiang Li , Tianming Liu , Lei Fan

The growing use of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) like OpenAI's GPT series, leads to disruptive changes across organizations. At the same time, there is a growing concern about…

The current "notice and consent" paradigm is broken: consent dialogues are often manipulative, and users cannot realistically read or understand every privacy policy. While recent LLM-based tools empower users seeking active control, many…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Vincent Freiberger

In the realm of online privacy, privacy assistants play a pivotal role in empowering users to manage their privacy effectively. Although recent studies have shown promising progress in tackling tasks such as privacy violation detection and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Gonul Ayci , Arzucan Özgür , Murat Şensoy , Pınar Yolum

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used for automated evaluations and explaining them. However, concerns about explanation quality, consistency, and hallucinations remain open research challenges, particularly in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Vincent Freiberger , Arthur Fleig , Erik Buchmann

In modern times, people have numerous online accounts, but they rarely read the Terms of Service or Privacy Policy of those sites, despite claiming otherwise, due to the practical difficulty in comprehending them. The mist of data privacy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Rui Zhao , Vladyslav Melnychuk , Jun Zhao , Jesse Wright , Nigel Shadbolt

This article explores the gaps that can manifest when using a large language model (LLM) to obtain simplified interpretations of data practices from a complex privacy policy. We exemplify these gaps to showcase issues in accuracy,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Rinku Dewri

Users interacting with large language models (LLMs) under their real identifiers often unknowingly risk disclosing private information. Automatically notifying users whether their queries leak privacy and which phrases leak what private…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hang Zeng , Xiangyu Liu , Yong Hu , Chaoyue Niu , Fan Wu , Shaojie Tang , Guihai Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in fields such as finance, education, and governance due to their ability to generate human-like text and adapt to specialized tasks. However, their widespread adoption raises critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yu Wang , Cailing Cai , Zhihua Xiao , Peifung E. Lam

The number and dynamic nature of web and mobile applications presents significant challenges for assessing their compliance with data protection laws. In this context, symbolic and statistical Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-22 David Rodriguez , Ian Yang , Jose M. Del Alamo , Norman Sadeh

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is an essential subset of artificial intelligence. It has become effective in several domains, such as healthcare, finance, and media, to identify perceptions, opinions, and misuse, among others. Privacy is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Andrick Adhikari , Sanchari Das , Rinku Dewri

In this report, we present an approach to enhance informed consent for the processing of personal data. The approach relies on a privacy policy language used to express, compare and analyze privacy policies. We describe a tool that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Raúl Pardo , Daniel Le Métayer

Virtual Reality (VR) systems collect fine-grained behavioral and biometric data, yet privacy policies are rarely read or understood due to their complex language, length, and poor integration into users' interaction workflows. To lower the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Vincent Freiberger , Moritz Dresch , Florian Alt , Arthur Fleig , Viktorija Paneva
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