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With the rapid development of multimodal large language models (MLLMs), they are increasingly deployed as autonomous computer-use agents capable of accomplishing complex computer tasks. However, a pressing issue arises: Can the safety risk…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Jingyi Yang , Shuai Shao , Dongrui Liu , Jing Shao

Modern Large Language Model (LLM) agents promise end to end assistance with real-world software tasks, yet existing benchmarks evaluate LLM agents almost exclusively in pre-baked environments where every dependency is pre-installed. To fill…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Avi Arora , Jinu Jang , Roshanak Zilouchian Moghaddam

The "small agent, big world" frame offers a conceptual view that motivates the need for continual learning. The idea is that a small agent operating in a much bigger world cannot store all information that the world has to offer. To perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Saurabh Kumar , Hong Jun Jeon , Alex Lewandowski , Benjamin Van Roy

Simulated environments play an essential role in embodied AI, functionally analogous to test cases in software engineering. However, existing environment generation methods often emphasize visual realism (e.g., object diversity and layout…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jianan Wang , Siyang Zhang , Bin Li , Juan Chen , Jingtao Qi , Zhuo Zhang , Chen Qian

Game environments provide rich, controllable settings that stimulate many aspects of real-world complexity. As such, game agents offer a valuable testbed for exploring capabilities relevant to Artificial General Intelligence. Recently, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Sihao Hu , Tiansheng Huang , Gaowen Liu , Ramana Rao Kompella , Fatih Ilhan , Selim Furkan Tekin , Yichang Xu , Zachary Yahn , Ling Liu

Software architecture design is a fundamental part of creating every software system. Despite its importance, producing a C4 software architecture model, the preferred notation for such architecture, remains manual and time-consuming. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Kamil Szczepanik , Jarosław A. Chudziak

As LLMs are increasingly deployed as agents, reliable assessment of their agentic capabilities has become essential. However, reported benchmark scores often jointly reflect model capability and the implementation choices each benchmark is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Pengyu Zhu , Lijun Li , Yaxing Lyu , Qianxin Luo , Jingyi Yang , Yi Liu , Tingfeng Hui , Xinyu Yuan , Li Sun , Sen Su , Jing Shao

Agentic coding requires agents to effectively interact with runtime environments, e.g., command line interfaces (CLI), so as to complete tasks like resolving dependency issues, fixing system problems, etc. But it remains underexplored how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yusong Lin , Haiyang Wang , Shuzhe Wu , Lue Fan , Feiyang Pan , Sanyuan Zhao , Dandan Tu

Intelligent vehicle cockpits present unique challenges for API Agents, requiring coordination across tightly-coupled subsystems that exceed typical task environments' complexity. Traditional Function Calling (FC) approaches operate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jie Yang , Jiajun Chen , Zhangyue Yin , Shuo Chen , Yuxin Wang , Yiran Guo , Yuan Li , Yining Zheng , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

The integration of external tools is pivotal for empowering Large Language Model (LLM) agents with real-world capabilities. However, training these agents through direct, continuous interaction with diverse tools is often prohibitively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Zhenzhen Ren , Xinpeng Zhang , Zhenxing Qian , Yan Gao , Yu Shi , Shuxin Zheng , Jiyan He

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit a critical modal disconnect: they possess vast semantic knowledge but lack the procedural grounding to respect the immutable laws of the physical world. Consequently, while these agents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Baochang Ren , Yunzhi Yao , Rui Sun , Shuofei Qiao , Ningyu Zhang , Huajun Chen

Effort estimation is a crucial activity in agile software development, where teams collaboratively review, discuss, and estimate the effort required to complete user stories in a product backlog. Current practices in agile effort estimation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Thanh-Long Bui , Hoa Khanh Dam , Rashina Hoda

Constructing environments for training and evaluating claw-like agents remains a manual, human-intensive process that does not scale. We argue that what is needed is not just a dataset, but an automated pipeline capable of generating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Xirui Li , Ming Li , Ion Stoica , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Tianyi Zhou

Large language model (LLM) agents have shown impressive reasoning capabilities in interactive decision-making tasks. These agents interact with environment through intermediate interfaces, such as predefined action spaces and interaction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Kaiming Liu , Xuanyu Lei , Ziyue Wang , Peng Li , Yang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have extended their impact beyond Natural Language Processing, substantially fostering the development of interdisciplinary research. Recently, various LLM-based agents have been developed to assist scientific…

Recent endeavors towards directly using large language models (LLMs) as agent models to execute interactive planning tasks have shown commendable results. Despite their achievements, however, they still struggle with brainless…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Shuofei Qiao , Runnan Fang , Ningyu Zhang , Yuqi Zhu , Xiang Chen , Shumin Deng , Yong Jiang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Huajun Chen

Language agents that interact with the world on their own have great potential for automating digital tasks. While large language model (LLM) agents have made progress in understanding and executing tasks such as textual games and webpage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Guande Wu , Chen Zhao , Claudio Silva , He He

Industrial automation increasingly requires flexible control strategies that can adapt to changing tasks and environments. Agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) offer potential for such adaptive planning and execution but lack…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Niklas Jobs , Luis Miguel Vieira da Silva , Jayanth Somashekaraiah , Maximilian Weigand , David Kube , Felix Gehlhoff

This paper reviews the architecture and implementation methods of agents powered by large language models (LLMs). Motivated by the limitations of traditional LLMs in real-world tasks, the research aims to explore patterns to develop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Victor de Lamo Castrillo , Habtom Kahsay Gidey , Alexander Lenz , Alois Knoll

Large language model (LLM)-based agents that reason, plan, and act through tools, memory, and structured interaction are emerging as a promising paradigm for automating complex workflows. Recent systems such as OpenClaw and Claude Code…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yingli Zhou , Wang Shu , Yaodong Su , Wenchuan Du , Yixiang Fang , Xuemin Lin
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