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Adaptive inference schemes reduce the cost of machine learning inference by assigning smaller models to easier examples, attempting to avoid invocation of larger models when possible. In this work we explore a simple, effective adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Steven Kolawole , Don Dennis , Ameet Talwalkar , Virginia Smith

Real-time voice agents face a dilemma: end-to-end models often lack deep reasoning, while cascaded pipelines incur high latency by executing ASR, LLM reasoning, and TTS strictly in sequence, unlike human conversation where listeners often…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Wenhao Zou , Yuwei Miao , Zhanyu Ma , Jun Xu , Jiuchong Gao , Jinghua Hao , Renqing He , Jingwen Xu

Anomaly detection in videos is a significant yet challenging problem. Previous approaches based on deep neural networks employ either reconstruction-based or prediction-based approaches. Nevertheless, existing reconstruction-based methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Yizhou Wang , Can Qin , Yue Bai , Yi Xu , Xu Ma , Yun Fu

This paper introduces a novel anomaly detection framework that combines the robust statistical principles of density-estimation-based anomaly detection methods with the representation-learning capabilities of deep learning models. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Joseph Gallego-Mejia , Oscar Bustos-Brinez , Fabio A. González

Integrating multimodal foundation models into enterprise ecosystems presents a fundamental software architecture challenge. Architects must balance competing quality attributes: the high latency and non-determinism of vision language action…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Habtom Kahsay Gidey , Alexander Lenz , Alois Knoll

Recently, to comprehensively improve Vision Language Models (VLMs) for Visual Question Answering (VQA), several methods have been proposed to further reinforce the inference capabilities of VLMs to independently tackle VQA tasks rather than…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Zeqing Wang , Wentao Wan , Qiqing Lao , Runmeng Chen , Minjie Lang , Xiao Wang , Keze Wang , Liang Lin

We present a highly compact run-time monitoring approach for deep computer vision networks that extracts selected knowledge from only a few (down to merely two) hidden layers, yet can efficiently detect silent data corruption originating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Florian Geissler , Syed Qutub , Michael Paulitsch , Karthik Pattabiraman

Visual anomaly detection in multi-class settings poses significant challenges due to the diversity of object categories, the scarcity of anomalous examples, and the presence of camouflaged defects. In this paper, we propose PromptMAD, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Duncan McCain , Hossein Kashiani , Fatemeh Afghah

Many organisations manage service quality and monitor a large set devices and servers where each entity is associated with telemetry or physical sensor data series. Recently, various methods have been proposed to detect behavioural…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Len Feremans , Boris Cule , Bart Goethals

Industrial anomaly detection based on RGB-3D multimodal data has emerged as a mainstream paradigm for intelligent quality inspection. However, existing unsupervised methods suffer from two critical limitations: ambiguous cross-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zewen Li , Shuo Ye , Zitong Yu , Weicheng Xie , Linlin Shen

Current research on Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models predominantly focuses on enhancing generalization through established reasoning techniques. While effective, these improvements invariably increase computational complexity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Riccardo Andrea Izzo , Gianluca Bardaro , Matteo Matteucci

This study explores the recently proposed and challenging multi-view Anomaly Detection (AD) task. Single-view tasks will encounter blind spots from other perspectives, resulting in inaccuracies in sample-level prediction. Therefore, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Haoyang He , Jiangning Zhang , Guanzhong Tian , Chengjie Wang , Lei Xie

With a growing number of robots being deployed across diverse applications, robust multimodal anomaly detection becomes increasingly important. In robotic manipulation, failures typically arise from (1) robot-driven anomalies due to an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Christoph Willibald , Daniel Sliwowski , Dongheui Lee

As both computer vision models and biomedical datasets grow in size, there is an increasing need for efficient inference algorithms. We utilize cascade detectors to efficiently identify sparse objects in multiresolution images. Given an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Thomas L. Athey , Shashata Sawmya , Nir Shavit

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable capability in bridging visual perception and textual reasoning, enabling zero-shot understanding across diverse industrial scenarios. However, their performance in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Rongbin Tan , Fangfang Lin , Zhenlong Yuan , Min Qiu , Kejin Cui , Mengmeng Wang , Yi Wang , Zijian Song , Zhiyuan Wang , Jiyuan Wang , Yue Wang , Shuhan Song§ , Huawei Cao

Video anomaly detection (VAD) plays a vital role in real-world applications such as security surveillance, autonomous driving, and industrial monitoring. Recent advances in large pre-trained models have opened new opportunities for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 He Huang , Zixuan Hu , Dongxiao Li , Yao Xiao , Ling-Yu Duan

In the domain of anomaly detection, methods often excel in either high-level semantic or low-level industrial benchmarks, rarely achieving cross-domain proficiency. Semantic anomalies are novelties that differ in meaning from the training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Luc P. J. Sträter , Mohammadreza Salehi , Efstratios Gavves , Cees G. M. Snoek , Yuki M. Asano

Multivariate time series anomaly detection has become increasingly important in real-world applications, where labeled data are often scarce. Many existing approaches rely on unsupervised learning to model normal patterns, but they often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jaehyeop Hong , Youngbum Hur

Visual perception plays a pivotal role in enabling autonomous behavior, offering a cost-effective and efficient alternative to complex multi-sensor systems. However, robust segmentation remains a challenge in complex scenarios. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Hewen Xiao , Jie Mei , Guangfu Ma , Weiren Wu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) achieve stronger visual understanding by scaling input fidelity, yet the resulting visual token growth makes jointly sustaining high spatial resolution and long temporal context prohibitive. We argue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Huanxuan Liao , Zhongtao Jiang , Yupu Hao , Yuqiao Tan , Shizhu He , Ben Wang , Jun Zhao , Kun Xu , Kang Liu