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Direct alignment methods typically train large language models (LLMs) by contrasting the likelihoods of preferred and dispreferred responses. While effective at capturing relative preferences, these methods are widely observed to suppress…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Kaiyang Guo , Yinchuan Li , Zhitang Chen

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as an important approach for learning from human preferences in aligning large language models (LLMs). However, collecting human preference data is costly and inefficient, motivating methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jiacheng Guo , Zihao Li , Jiahao Qiu , Yue Wu , Mengdi Wang

Aligning language models with human preferences through reinforcement learning from human feedback is crucial for their safe and effective deployment. The human preference is typically represented through comparison where one response is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Hoang Anh Just , Ming Jin , Anit Sahu , Huy Phan , Ruoxi Jia

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has gained significant attention for its simplicity and computational efficiency in aligning large language models (LLMs). Recent advancements have extended DPO to multimodal scenarios, achieving strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yeyuan Wang , Dehong Gao , Rujiao Long , Lei Yi , Linbo Jin , Libin Yang , Xiaoyan Cai

A major challenge in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is the issue of distribution shift. LLM alignment algorithms rely on static preference datasets, assuming that they accurately represent real-world user…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zaiyan Xu , Sushil Vemuri , Kishan Panaganti , Dileep Kalathil , Rahul Jain , Deepak Ramachandran

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is a critical challenge in AI research. While methods like Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) are widely used, they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xuan Qi , Rongwu Xu , Zhijing Jin

As development of large language models (LLM) progresses, aligning them with human preferences has become increasingly important. We propose stepwise DPO (sDPO), an extension of the recently popularized direct preference optimization (DPO)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Dahyun Kim , Yungi Kim , Wonho Song , Hyeonwoo Kim , Yunsu Kim , Sanghoon Kim , Chanjun Park

In the domain of complex reasoning tasks, such as mathematical reasoning, recent advancements have proposed the use of Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) to suppress output of dispreferred responses, thereby enhancing the long-chain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Weibin Liao , Xu Chu , Yasha Wang

Large language models in the past have typically relied on some form of reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) to better align model responses with human preferences. However, because of oft-observed instabilities when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Xiangkun Hu , Tong He , David Wipf

Multi-label classification (MLC) often suffers from performance disparities across labels. We propose \textbf{FairPO}, a framework combining preference-based loss and group-robust optimization to improve fairness by targeting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Soumen Kumar Mondal , Prateek Chanda , Akshit Varmora , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback has emerged as a standard for aligning diffusion models. However, we identify a fundamental limitation in the standard DPO formulation because it relies on the Bradley-Terry model to aggregate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Jiho Jang , Jinyoung Kim , Kyungjune Baek , Nojun Kwak

Our goal is to enable large language models (LLMs) to balance multiple human preference dimensions; such as helpfulness, safety, and verbosity, through principled and controllable alignment. Existing preference optimization methods,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Mete Erdogan

As large language models (LLMs) become more capable, fine-tuning techniques for aligning with human intent are increasingly important. A key consideration for aligning these models is how to most effectively use human resources, or model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-01 William Muldrew , Peter Hayes , Mingtian Zhang , David Barber

Direct Preference Optimisation (DPO) is effective at significantly improving the performance of large language models (LLMs) on downstream tasks such as reasoning, summarisation, and alignment. Using pairs of preferred and dispreferred…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Arka Pal , Deep Karkhanis , Samuel Dooley , Manley Roberts , Siddartha Naidu , Colin White

As large language models (LLMs) are rapidly advancing and achieving near-human capabilities on specific tasks, aligning them with human values is becoming more urgent. In scenarios where LLMs outperform humans, we face a weak-to-strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yougang Lyu , Lingyong Yan , Zihan Wang , Dawei Yin , Pengjie Ren , Maarten de Rijke , Zhaochun Ren

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have made remarkable progress, current preference optimization methods still struggle to align directional consistency while preserving reasoning diversity. To address this limitation, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Mengyi Deng , Zhiwei Li , Xin Li , Tingyu Zhu , Yulan Yuan , Zhijiang Guo , Wei Wang

Recent developments in Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) allow large language models (LLMs) to function as implicit ranking models by maximizing the margin between preferred and non-preferred responses. In practice, user feedback on such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Junda Wu , Rohan Surana , Zhouhang Xie , Yiran Shen , Yu Xia , Tong Yu , Ryan A. Rossi , Prithviraj Ammanabrolu , Julian McAuley

Aligning language models (LMs) with human preferences has become a key area of research, enabling these models to meet diverse user needs better. Inspired by weak-to-strong generalization, where a strong LM fine-tuned on labels generated by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Wenhong Zhu , Zhiwei He , Xiaofeng Wang , Pengfei Liu , Rui Wang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, balancing helpfulness and safety has become a central challenge. A natural approach is to incorporate safety constraints into Reinforcement Learning from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Geon-Hyeong Kim , Yu Jin Kim , Byoungjip Kim , Honglak Lee , Kyunghoon Bae , Youngsoo Jang , Moontae Lee

Recommender systems aim to predict personalized rankings based on user preference data. With the rise of Language Models (LMs), LM-based recommenders have been widely explored due to their extensive world knowledge and powerful reasoning…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Yuxin Chen , Junfei Tan , An Zhang , Zhengyi Yang , Leheng Sheng , Enzhi Zhang , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua
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