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Labor plays a major, albeit largely unrecognized role in the development of artificial intelligence. Machine learning algorithms are predicated on data-intensive processes that rely on humans to execute repetitive and difficult-to-automate,…
AI generates both enthusiasm and disillusionment, with promises that often go unfulfilled. It is therefore not surprising that human labor, which is its fundamental component, is also subject to these same deceptions. The development of…
The current hype around artificial intelligence (AI) conceals the substantial human intervention underlying its development. This article lifts the veil on the precarious and low-paid 'data workers' who prepare data to train, test, check,…
To harness the true potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for societal betterment, we need to move away from prioritising corporate interests which exploit Global South workers in the digital age. The unpaid labour and societal harms…
How many workers displaced by automation can realistically transition to safer jobs? We answer this using a validated knowledge graph of 9,978 Egyptian job postings, 19,766 skill activities, and 84,346 job-skill relationships (0.74% error…
The current research conducts a comprehensive analysis of citation networks focusing on publications by authors affiliated with Egyptian institutions. Leveraging the Semantic Scholar platform and its API, a citation network and a…
The lack of data regarding Information and Communications Technology sector alumni data is a known problem in several countries including Egypt. It is not clear what entry and senior jobs are occupied by alumni and which countries attract…
While the role of states, corporations, and international organizations in AI governance has been extensively theorized, the role of workers has received comparatively little attention. This chapter looks at the role that workers play in…
The ethical implications and social impacts of artificial intelligence have become topics of compelling interest to industry, researchers in academia, and the public. However, current analyses of AI in a global context are biased toward…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) will change human work by taking over specific job tasks, but there is a debate which tasks are susceptible to automation, and whether AI will augment or replace workers and affect wages. By combining data on…
This paper presents a network analysis of the Reddit community focused on Egypt. We collected and constructed a comprehensive dataset consisting of 23,185 users and 105 Egyptian subreddits. Through network analysis criteria such as degree…
The proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in workplaces is transforming how we work. While existing research on human-AI collaboration at work often prioritizes performance, less is known about their experiential outcomes. Through…
Digital platforms capitalize on users' labor, often disguising essential contributions as casual activities or consumption, regardless of users' recognition of their efforts. Data annotation, content creation, and engagement with…
Work must be reshaped in the upcoming new era characterized by new challenges and the presence of new technologies and computational tools. Over-automation seems to be the driver of the digitalization process. Substitution is the paradigm…
Digital workers on crowdsourcing platforms (e.g., Amazon Mechanical Turk, Appen, Clickworker, Prolific) play a crucial role in training and improving AI systems, yet they often face low pay, unfair conditions, and a lack of recognition for…
In this paper, we examine the work of data annotation. Specifically, we focus on the role of counting or quantification in organising annotation work. Based on an ethnographic study of data annotation in two outsourcing centres in India, we…
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming education and the workforce, but access to AI learning opportunities in Africa remains uneven. With rapid demographic shifts and growing labour market pressures, AI has become a strategic…
Artificial Intelligence (AI) can transform the knowledge economy by automating non-codifiable work. To analyze this transformation, we incorporate AI into an economy where humans form hierarchical organizations: Less knowledgeable…
Many recent technological advances (e.g. ChatGPT and search engines) are possible only because of massive amounts of user-generated data produced through user interactions with computing systems or scraped from the web (e.g. behavior logs,…
Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging technology that has the potential to transform many aspects of society, including the economy, healthcare, and transportation. This article synthesizes recent research literature on the global…