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Indoor built environments like homes and offices often present complex and cluttered layouts that pose significant challenges for individuals who are blind or visually impaired, especially when performing tasks that involve locating and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yifan Xu , Qianwei Wang , Vineet Kamat , Carol Menassa

The classic duck-rabbit illusion reveals that when visual evidence is ambiguous, the human brain must decide what it sees. But where exactly do human observers draw the line between ''duck'' and ''rabbit'', and do machine classifiers draw…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Yuqi Hu , Vasha DuTell , Ahna R. Girshick , Jennifer E. Corbett

"Embodied visual navigation" problem requires an agent to navigate in a 3D environment mainly rely on its first-person observation. This problem has attracted rising attention in recent years due to its wide application in autonomous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Fengda Zhu , Yi Zhu , Vincent CS Lee , Xiaodan Liang , Xiaojun Chang

Medical large language model (LLM) evaluations rely on simplified, exam-style benchmarks that rarely reflect the ambiguity of real-world medical inquiries. We introduce the CLinical Evaluation of Ambiguity and Reliability (CLEAR) framework,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Kevin H. Guo , Chao Yan , Avinash Baidya , Katherine Brown , Xiang Gao , Juming Xiong , Zhijun Yin , Bradley A. Malin

Recent research in Vision Language Navigation (VLN) has overlooked the development of agents' inquisitive abilities, which allow them to ask clarifying questions when instructions are incomplete. This paper addresses how agents can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Savitha Sam Abraham , Sourav Garg , Feras Dayoub

Recent generative models have achieved remarkable progress in image editing. However, existing systems and benchmarks remain largely text-guided. In contrast, human communication is inherently multimodal, where visual instructions such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Huanyu Zhang , Xuehai Bai , Chengzu Li , Chen Liang , Haochen Tian , Haodong Li , Ruichuan An , Yifan Zhang , Anna Korhonen , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Tieniu Tan

AI systems are increasingly governed by natural language principles, yet a key challenge arising from reliance on language remains underexplored: interpretive ambiguity. As in legal systems, ambiguity arises both from how these principles…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Luxi He , Nimra Nadeem , Michel Liao , Howard Chen , Danqi Chen , Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar , Peter Henderson

The integration of vision-language models (VLMs) is driving a new generation of embodied agents capable of operating in human-centered environments. However, as deployment expands, these systems face growing safety risks, particularly when…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zonghao Ying , Le Wang , Yisong Xiao , Jiakai Wang , Yuqing Ma , Jinyang Guo , Zhenfei Yin , Mingchuan Zhang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

Text-guided video prediction (TVP) involves predicting the motion of future frames from the initial frame according to an instruction, which has wide applications in virtual reality, robotics, and content creation. Previous TVP methods make…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Zhen Xing , Qi Dai , Zejia Weng , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

The capability to process multiple images is crucial for Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) to develop a more thorough and nuanced understanding of a scene. Recent multi-image LVLMs have begun to address this need. However, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Fanqing Meng , Jin Wang , Chuanhao Li , Quanfeng Lu , Hao Tian , Jiaqi Liao , Xizhou Zhu , Jifeng Dai , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo , Kaipeng Zhang , Wenqi Shao

Target disambiguation is crucial in resolving input ambiguity in augmented reality (AR), especially for queries over distant objects or cluttered scenes on the go. Yet, visual feedforward techniques that support this process remain…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Ching-Yi Tsai , Nicole Tacconi , Andrew D. Wilson , Parastoo Abtahi

The field of multimodal robot navigation in indoor environments has garnered significant attention in recent years. However, as tasks and methods become more advanced, the action decision systems tend to become more complex and operate as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Haru Kondoh , Asako Kanezaki

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exploded a new heatwave of AI for their ability to engage end-users in human-level conversations with detailed and articulate answers across many knowledge domains. In response to their fast adoption in…

Recent advances in 3D scene-language understanding have leveraged Large Language Models (LLMs) for 3D reasoning by transferring their general reasoning ability to 3D multi-modal contexts. However, existing methods typically adopt standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yerim Jeon , Miso Lee , WonJun Moon , Jae-Pil Heo

Ambiguity poses persistent challenges in natural language understanding for large language models (LLMs). To better understand how lexical ambiguity can be resolved through the visual domain, we develop an interpretable Visual Word Sense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Shamik Bhattacharya , Daniel Perkins , Yaren Dogan , Vineeth Konjeti , Sudarshan Srinivasan , Edmon Begoli

Longitudinal brain MRI is essential for characterizing the progression of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease assessment. However, current deep-learning tools fragment this process: classifiers reduce a scan to a label,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zhaoyang Jiang , Zhizhong Fu , David McAllister , Yunsoo Kim , Honghan Wu

Understanding visual differences between dynamic scenes requires the comparative perception of compositional, spatial, and temporal changes--a capability that remains underexplored in existing vision-language systems. While prior work on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jiangtao Wu , Shihao Li , Zhaozhou Bian , Jialu Chen , Runzhe Wen , An Ping , Yiwen He , Jiakai Wang , Yuanxing Zhang , Jiaheng Liu

Deep Metric Learning (DML) proposes to learn metric spaces which encode semantic similarities as embedding space distances. These spaces should be transferable to classes beyond those seen during training. Commonly, DML methods task…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Karsten Roth , Oriol Vinyals , Zeynep Akata

Adversaries (hackers) attempting to infiltrate networks frequently face uncertainty in their operational environments. This research explores the ability to model and detect when they exhibit ambiguity aversion, a cognitive bias reflecting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Stephan Carney , Soham Hans , Sofia Hirschmann , Stacey Marsella , Yvonne Fonken , Peggy Wu , Nikolos Gurney

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have achieved impressive results in various vision-language tasks. However, despite showing promising performance, LVLMs suffer from hallucinations caused by language bias, leading to diminished focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Haozhe Zhao , Shuzheng Si , Liang Chen , Yichi Zhang , Maosong Sun , Mingjia Zhang , Baobao Chang