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Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown promising results on several segmentation tasks in magnetic resonance (MR) images. However, the accuracy of CNNs may degrade severely when segmenting images acquired with different scanners…
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have achieved promising results in medical image segmentation. However, CNNs require lots of training data and are incapable of handling pose and deformation of objects. Furthermore, their pooling layers…
The brain is likely the most complex organ, given the variety of functions it controls, the number of cells it comprises, and their corresponding diversity. Studying and identifying neurons, the brain's primary building blocks, is a crucial…
Cognitive brain imaging is accumulating datasets about the neural substrate of many different mental processes. Yet, most studies are based on few subjects and have low statistical power. Analyzing data across studies could bring more…
Visual perception, the brain's construction of a stable world from sensory data, faces several long-standing, fundamental challenges. While often studied separately, these problems have resisted a single, unifying computational framework.…
In the mammalian brain, many neuronal ensembles are involved in representing spatial structure of the environment. In particular, there exist cells that encode the animal's location and cells that encode head direction. A number of studies…
The emergence of collective dynamics in neural networks is a mechanism of the animal and human brain for information processing. In this paper, we develop a computational technique using distributed processing elements in a complex network,…
Axons functionally link the somato-dendritic compartment to synaptic terminals. Structurally and functionally diverse, they accomplish a central role in determining the delays and reliability with which neuronal ensembles communicate. By…
A physical artificial complex-valued neuron is formed by four-wave mixing in a homogeneous three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate. Bragg beamsplitter pulses prepare superpositions of three plane-waves states as an input- and the fourth…
Our study presents PNN-UNet as a method for constructing deep neural networks that replicate the planarian neural network (PNN) structure in the context of 3D medical image data. Planarians typically have a cerebral structure comprising two…
Since they became observable, neuron morphologies have been informally compared with biological trees but they are studied by distinct communities, neuroscientists, and ecologists. The apparent structural similarity suggests there may be…
Brain imaging has allowed neuroscientists to analyze brain morphology in genetic and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Down syndrome, pinpointing regions of interest to unravel the neuroanatomical underpinnings of cognitive impairment…
Spatiotemporal flows of neural activity, such as traveling waves, have been observed throughout the brain since the earliest recordings; yet there is still little consensus on their functional role. Recent experiments and models have linked…
A central issue in neural recording is that of distinguishing the activities of many neurons. Here, we develop a framework, based on Fisher information, to quantify how separable a neuron's activity is from the activities of nearby neurons.…
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have been successful in processing data signals that are uniformly sampled in the spatial domain (e.g., images). However, most data signals do not natively exist on a grid, and in the process of being…
As a follow-up tutorial article of [29], in this paper, we will introduce the basic compositional units of the human brain, which will further illustrate the cell-level bio-structure of the brain. On average, the human brain contains about…
Starting from the morphological-functional assumption of the fractal brain, a mathematical model is given by activating brain non-differentiable dynamics through the determinism-nondeterminism inference of the responsible mechanisms. The…
The living body is composed of innumerable fine and complex structures and although these structures have been studied in the past, a vast amount of information pertaining to them still remains unknown. When attempting to observe these…
The brain structural connectome is generated by a collection of white matter fiber bundles constructed from diffusion weighted MRI (dMRI), acting as highways for neural activity. There has been abundant interest in studying how the…
When brain signals are recorded in an electroencephalogram or some similar large-scale record of brain activity, oscillatory patterns are typically observed that are thought to reflect the aggregate electrical activity of the underlying…