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This paper studies uncertainty quantification for large language models (LLMs) under black-box access, where only a small number of responses can be sampled for each query. In this setting, estimating the effective semantic alphabet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Hongxing Pan , Yingying Guo , Wenqing Kuang , Jiashi Lu

Speculative decoding accelerates large language model inference by proposing tokens with a lightweight draft model and selectively accepting them using a target model. This work introduces DropMatch, a novel approach that matches draft…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Jeongtae Lee , Minjung Jo , Hyunjoon Jeong , Gunho Park , Sunghyeon Woo , Joonghoon Kim , Se Jung Kwon , Dongsoo Lee

Speculative Decoding is a widely used technique to speed up inference for Large Language Models (LLMs) without sacrificing quality. When performing inference, speculative decoding uses a smaller draft model to generate speculative tokens…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Minghao Yan , Saurabh Agarwal , Shivaram Venkataraman

Progressive Hedging is a popular decomposition algorithm for solving multi-stage stochastic optimization problems. A computational bottleneck of this algorithm is that all scenario subproblems have to be solved at each iteration. In this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-28 Gilles Bareilles , Yassine Laguel , Dmitry Grishchenko , Franck Iutzeler , Jérôme Malick

In this paper, we propose a learning-based supervised discrete hashing method. Binary hashing is widely used for large-scale image retrieval as well as video and document searches because the compact representation of binary code is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-01 Gou Koutaki , Keiichiro Shirai , Mitsuru Ambai

Scam detection remains a critical challenge in cybersecurity as adversaries craft messages that evade automated filters. We propose a Hierarchical Scam Detection System (HSDS) that combines a lightweight multi-model voting front end with a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Chen-Wei Chang , Shailik Sarkar , Hossein Salemi , Hyungmin Kim , Shutonu Mitra , Hemant Purohit , Fengxiu Zhang , Michin Hong , Jin-Hee Cho , Chang-Tien Lu

Accurate understanding of anatomical structures is essential for reliably staging certain dental diseases. A way of introducing this within semantic segmentation models is by utilising hierarchy-aware methodologies. However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Ryan Banks , Camila Lindoni Azevedo , Hongying Tang , Yunpeng Li

Speculative decoding has emerged as a powerful method to improve latency and throughput in hosting large language models. However, most existing implementations focus on generating a single sequence. Real-world generative AI applications…

Large language models~(LLMs) exhibit exceptional performance in language tasks, yet their auto-regressive inference is limited due to high computational requirements and is sub-optimal due to the exposure bias. Inspired by speculative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Hongyi Yuan , Keming Lu , Fei Huang , Zheng Yuan , Chang Zhou

Recent advances with large language models (LLM) illustrate their diverse capabilities. We propose a novel algorithm, staged speculative decoding, to accelerate LLM inference in small-batch, on-device scenarios. We address the low…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Benjamin Spector , Chris Re

As Large Language Models (LLMs) can now process extremely long contexts, efficient inference over these extended inputs has become increasingly important, especially for emerging applications like LLM agents that highly depend on this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Penghui Yang , Cunxiao Du , Fengzhuo Zhang , Haonan Wang , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Bo An

Hierarchical classification offers an approach to incorporate the concept of mistake severity by leveraging a structured, labeled hierarchy. However, decoding in such settings frequently relies on heuristic decision rules, which may not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Roman Plaud , Alexandre Perez-Lebel , Matthieu Labeau , Antoine Saillenfest , Thomas Bonald

Large Language Models (LLMs) often excel in specific domains but fall short in others due to the limitations of their training. Thus, enabling LLMs to solve problems collaboratively by integrating their complementary knowledge promises to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Ziyao Wang , Muneeza Azmat , Ang Li , Raya Horesh , Mikhail Yurochkin

Multi-path speculative decoding accelerates lossless sampling from a target model by using a cheaper draft model to generate a draft tree of tokens, and then applies a verification algorithm that accepts a subset of these. While prior work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Rahul Thomas , Teo Kitanovski , Micah Goldblum , Arka Pal

Speculative decoding (SD), where a small draft model is employed to propose draft tokens in advance and then the target model validates them in parallel, has emerged as a promising technique for LLM inference acceleration. Many endeavors to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Tianyu Liu , Qitan Lv , Hao Li , Xing Gao , Xiao Sun , Xiaoyan Sun

Aiming at bridging the gap between the maximum likelihood decoding (MLD) and the suboptimal iterative decodings for short or medium length LDPC codes, we present a generalized ordered statistic decoding (OSD) in the form of syndrome…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-05-16 Guangwen Li , Guangzeng Feng

Speculative decoding (SD) has emerged as a powerful method for accelerating autoregressive generation in large language models (LLMs), yet its integration into vision-language models (VLMs) remains underexplored. We introduce DREAM, a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yunhai Hu , Tianhua Xia , Zining Liu , Rahul Raman , Xingyu Liu , Bo Bao , Eric Sather , Vithursan Thangarasa , Sai Qian Zhang

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized code generation tasks across various programming languages. However, the unique characteristics of programming languages, particularly those like Verilog with specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Changran Xu , Yi Liu , Yunhao Zhou , Shan Huang , Ningyi Xu , Qiang Xu

Detection of anomalies among a large number of processes is a fundamental task that has been studied in multiple research areas, with diverse applications spanning from spectrum access to cyber-security. Anomalous events are characterized…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-12 Benjamin Wolff , Tomer Gafni , Guy Revach , Nir Shlezinger , Kobi Cohen

Conventional Sequential Recommender Systems (SRS) typically assign unique hash IDs (HID) to construct item embeddings, which mainly capture collaborative signals from historical user-item interactions. However, such embeddings are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ziwei Liu , Yejing Wang , Wanyu Wang , Wang Zejian , Qidong Liu , Zijian Zhang , Chong Chen , Wei Huang , Xiangyu Zhao
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