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Large Language Models(LLMs) have been successful in numerous fields. Alignment has usually been applied to prevent them from harmful purposes. However, aligned LLMs remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that deliberately mislead them into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Shang Liu , Hanyu Pei , Zeyan Liu

Visual Document Understanding (VDU) systems have achieved strong performance in information extraction by integrating textual, layout, and visual signals. However, their robustness under realistic adversarial perturbations remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Dong Nguyen Tien , Dung D. Le

This position paper proposes a novel approach to advancing NLP security by leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) as engines for generating diverse adversarial attacks. Building upon recent work demonstrating LLMs' effectiveness in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Sudarshan Srinivasan , Maria Mahbub , Amir Sadovnik

Although deep learning has made remarkable progress in processing various types of data such as images, text and speech, they are known to be susceptible to adversarial perturbations: perturbations specifically designed and added to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Tianzuo Luo , Yuyi Zhong , Siaucheng Khoo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are swiftly advancing in architecture and capability, and as they integrate more deeply into complex systems, the urgency to scrutinize their security properties grows. This paper surveys research in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Erfan Shayegani , Md Abdullah Al Mamun , Yu Fu , Pedram Zaree , Yue Dong , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh

With the emergence of more powerful large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and GPT-4, in-context learning (ICL) has gained significant prominence in leveraging these models for specific tasks by utilizing data-label pairs as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Jiongxiao Wang , Zichen Liu , Keun Hee Park , Zhuojun Jiang , Zhaoheng Zheng , Zhuofeng Wu , Muhao Chen , Chaowei Xiao

The literature on adversarial attacks in computer vision typically focuses on pixel-level perturbations. These tend to be very difficult to interpret. Recent work that manipulates the latent representations of image generators to create…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Stephen Casper , Max Nadeau , Dylan Hadfield-Menell , Gabriel Kreiman

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced text understanding and generation, becoming integral to applications across education, software development, healthcare, entertainment, and legal services. Despite considerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Junzhe Yu , Yi Liu , Huijia Sun , Ling Shi , Yuqi Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have strong capabilities in code comprehension, but fine-tuning costs and semantic alignment issues limit their project-specific optimization; conversely, code models such CodeBERT are easy to fine-tune, but it…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Ziliang Wang , Ge Li , Jia Li , Yingfei Xiong , Jia Li , Meng Yan , Zhi Jin

Although safely enhanced Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in tackling various complex tasks in a zero-shot manner, they remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks, particularly the unknown jailbreak attack. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Fan Liu , Zhao Xu , Hao Liu

Video Multimodal Large Language Models (V-MLLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in temporal reasoning and cross-modal understanding, yet their vulnerability to adversarial attacks remains underexplored due to unique challenges: complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Jiaming Zhang , Rui Hu , Qing Guo , Wei Yang Bryan Lim

The deep neural network is vulnerable to adversarial examples. Adding imperceptible adversarial perturbations to images is enough to make them fail. Most existing research focuses on attacking image classifiers or anchor-based object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Quanyu Liao , Xin Wang , Bin Kong , Siwei Lyu , Youbing Yin , Qi Song , Xi Wu

Machine learning algorithms are increasingly being applied in security-related tasks such as spam and malware detection, although their security properties against deliberate attacks have not yet been widely understood. Intelligent and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Huang Xiao , Battista Biggio , Blaine Nelson , Han Xiao , Claudia Eckert , Fabio Roli

Although various techniques have been proposed to generate adversarial samples for white-box attacks on text, little attention has been paid to black-box attacks, which are more realistic scenarios. In this paper, we present a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Ji Gao , Jack Lanchantin , Mary Lou Soffa , Yanjun Qi

Despite rigorous safety alignment, Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. Existing black-box methods often rely on heuristic templates or exhaustive trials, lacking mechanistic interpretability and query…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ziwei Wang , Jing Chen , Ruichao Liang , Zhi Wang , Yebo Feng , Ju Jia , Ruiying Du , Cong Wu , Yang Liu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used, understanding them systematically is key to improving their safety and realizing their full potential. Although many models are aligned using techniques such as reinforcement learning from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Sajib Biswas , Mao Nishino , Samuel Jacob Chacko , Xiuwen Liu

With the recent advancements in machine learning (ML), numerous ML-based approaches have been extensively applied in software analytics tasks to streamline software development and maintenance processes. Nevertheless, studies indicate that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-15 MD Abdul Awal , Mrigank Rochan , Chanchal K. Roy

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in software vulnerability detection, particularly on function-level benchmarks like Devign and BigVul. However, real-world detection requires interprocedural analysis, as vulnerabilities often…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Alperen Yildiz , Sin G. Teo , Yiling Lou , Yebo Feng , Chong Wang , Dinil M. Divakaran

The rapid growth in both the scale and complexity of Android malware has driven the widespread adoption of machine learning (ML) techniques for scalable and accurate malware detection. Despite their effectiveness, these models remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Tianwei Lan , Farid Naït-Abdesselam

The increasing deployment of large language models (LLMs) in safety-critical applications raises fundamental challenges in systematically evaluating robustness against adversarial behaviors. Existing red-teaming practices are largely manual…