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Code generation models are widely used in software development, yet their sensitivity to prompt phrasing remains under-examined. Identical requirements expressed with different emotions or communication styles can yield divergent outputs,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Wei Ma , Yixiao Yang , Jingquan Ge , Xiaofei Xie , Lingxiao Jiang

Accent plays a significant role in speech communication, influencing one's capability to understand as well as conveying a person's identity. This paper introduces a novel and efficient framework for accented Text-to-Speech (TTS) synthesis…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-01 Jan Melechovsky , Ambuj Mehrish , Berrak Sisman , Dorien Herremans

Coherence of text is an important attribute to be measured for both manually and automatically generated discourse; but well-defined quantitative metrics for it are still elusive. In this paper, we present a metric for scoring topical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-05 Disha Shrivastava , Abhijit Mishra , Karthik Sankaranarayanan

Style is an integral part of natural language. However, evaluation methods for style measures are rare, often task-specific and usually do not control for content. We propose the modular, fine-grained and content-controlled similarity-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Anna Wegmann , Dong Nguyen

Text-to-Speech (TTS) benchmarks often fail to capture how well models handle nuanced and semantically complex text. Building on $\textit{EmergentTTS}$, we introduce $\textit{EmergentTTS-Eval}$, a comprehensive benchmark covering six…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Ruskin Raj Manku , Yuzhi Tang , Xingjian Shi , Mu Li , Alex Smola

An increasing number of generative music models can be conditioned on an audio prompt that serves as musical context for which the model is to create an accompaniment (often further specified using a text prompt). Evaluation of how well…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Maarten Grachten

The increasing reliance on Large Language Models (LLMs) across academia and industry necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their robustness to prompts. In response to this vital need, we introduce PromptRobust, a robustness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Kaijie Zhu , Jindong Wang , Jiaheng Zhou , Zichen Wang , Hao Chen , Yidong Wang , Linyi Yang , Wei Ye , Yue Zhang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Xing Xie

Speech language models (LMs) are promising for high-quality speech synthesis through in-context learning. A typical speech LM takes discrete semantic units as content and a short utterance as prompt, and synthesizes speech which preserves…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Yifan Peng , Ilia Kulikov , Yilin Yang , Sravya Popuri , Hui Lu , Changhan Wang , Hongyu Gong

Previous work has established that a person's demographics and speech style affect how well speech processing models perform for them. But where does this bias come from? In this work, we present the Speech Embedding Association Test…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Isaac Slaughter , Craig Greenberg , Reva Schwartz , Aylin Caliskan

The effectiveness of prompt learning has been demonstrated in different pre-trained language models. By formulating suitable template and choosing representative label mapping, prompt learning can be used as an efficient knowledge probe.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Jinta Weng , Yue Hu , Jing Qiu , Heyan Huan

Neural text-to-speech (TTS) can provide quality close to natural speech if an adequate amount of high-quality speech material is available for training. However, acquiring speech data for TTS training is costly and time-consuming,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-29 Tuomo Raitio , Javier Latorre , Andrea Davis , Tuuli Morrill , Ladan Golipour

Single-prompt accuracy is the dominant way to benchmark language models, but it can miss reliability failures that matter. We evaluate a 15-model open-weight corpus, with the main reliability analyses focused on 10 instruct models across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ranit Karmakar , Jayita Chatterjee

Prompt-based methods have achieved promising results in most few-shot text classification tasks. However, for readability assessment tasks, traditional prompt methods lackcrucial linguistic knowledge, which has already been proven to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Ziyang Wang , Sanwoo Lee , Hsiu-Yuan Huang , Yunfang Wu

Speech Large Language Models (SLLMs) have rapidly expanded, supporting a wide range of tasks. These models are typically evaluated using text prompts, which may not reflect real-world scenarios where users interact with speech. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Maike Züfle , Sara Papi , Fabian Retkowski , Szymon Mazurek , Marek Kasztelnik , Alexander Waibel , Luisa Bentivogli , Jan Niehues

We aim to characterize how different speakers contribute to the perceived output quality of multi-speaker Text-to-Speech (TTS) synthesis. We automatically rate the quality of TTS using a neural network (NN) trained on human mean opinion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Jennifer Williams , Joanna Rownicka , Pilar Oplustil , Simon King

Prompt learning has emerged as a promising method for adapting pre-trained visual-language models (VLMs) to a range of downstream tasks. While optimizing the context can be effective for improving performance on specific tasks, it can often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Fangming Cui , Jan Fong , Rongfei Zeng , Xinmei Tian , Jun Yu

Speech conveys more information than text, as the same word can be uttered in various voices to convey diverse information. Compared to traditional text-to-speech (TTS) methods relying on speech prompts (reference speech) for voice…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-13 Yichong Leng , Zhifang Guo , Kai Shen , Xu Tan , Zeqian Ju , Yanqing Liu , Yufei Liu , Dongchao Yang , Leying Zhang , Kaitao Song , Lei He , Xiang-Yang Li , Sheng Zhao , Tao Qin , Jiang Bian

Two central capabilities of language models (LMs) are: (i) drawing on prior knowledge about entities, which allows them to answer queries such as "What's the official language of Austria?", and (ii) adapting to new information provided in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Tu Nguyen , Kevin Du , Alexander Miserlis Hoyle , Ryan Cotterell

The latest generation of LLMs can be prompted to achieve impressive zero-shot or few-shot performance in many NLP tasks. However, since performance is highly sensitive to the choice of prompts, considerable effort has been devoted to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Alina Leidinger , Robert van Rooij , Ekaterina Shutova

Speech-to-Speech (S2S) Large Language Models (LLMs) are foundational to natural human-computer interaction, enabling end-to-end spoken dialogue systems. However, evaluating these models remains a fundamental challenge. We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yuan Ge , Junxiang Zhang , Xiaoqian Liu , Bei Li , Xiangnan Ma , Chenglong Wang , Kaiyang Ye , Yangfan Du , Linfeng Zhang , Yuxin Huang , Tong Xiao , Zhengtao Yu , JingBo Zhu