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Many benchmarks for automated causal inference evaluate a system's performance based on a single numerical output, such as an Average Treatment Effect (ATE). This approach conflates two distinct steps in causal analysis: identification -…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Ayush Sawarni , Jiyuan Tan , Vasilis Syrgkanis

Corner cases are rare or extreme scenarios that drive real-world failures, but they are difficult to curate at scale: web data are noisy, labels are brittle, and edge deployments preclude large retraining. We present ReCCur (Recursive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Yihan Wei , Shenghai Yuan , Tianchen Deng , Boyang Lou , Enwen Hu

Conversational search is a relatively young area of research that aims at automating an information-seeking dialogue. In this paper we help to position it with respect to other research areas within conversational Artificial Intelligence…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Svitlana Vakulenko , Evangelos Kanoulas , Maarten de Rijke

Existing benchmarks for evaluating long-context language models (LCLMs) primarily focus on long-context recall, requiring models to produce short responses based on a few critical snippets while processing thousands of irrelevant tokens. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xi Ye , Fangcong Yin , Yinghui He , Joie Zhang , Howard Yen , Tianyu Gao , Greg Durrett , Danqi Chen

Fact-checking is an essential tool to mitigate the spread of misinformation and disinformation. We introduce the task of fact-checking in dialogue, which is a relatively unexplored area. We construct DialFact, a testing benchmark dataset of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Prakhar Gupta , Chien-Sheng Wu , Wenhao Liu , Caiming Xiong

Retrieval systems are central to many NLP pipelines, but often rely on surface-level cues such as keyword overlap and lexical semantic similarity. To evaluate retrieval beyond these shallow signals, recent benchmarks introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Zeinab Sadat Taghavi , Ali Modarressi , Yunpu Ma , Hinrich Schütze

Existing long-horizon memory benchmarks mostly use multi-turn dialogues or synthetic user histories, which makes retrieval performance an imperfect proxy for person understanding. We present \BenchName, a publicly releasable benchmark built…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Tingyu Wu , Zhisheng Chen , Ziyan Weng , Shuhe Wang , Chenglong Li , Shuo Zhang , Sen Hu , Silin Wu , Qizhen Lan , Huacan Wang , Ronghao Chen

Social norms are implicit, culturally grounded expectations that guide interpersonal communication. Unlike factual commonsense, norm reasoning is subjective, context-dependent, and varies across cultures, posing challenges for computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Pritish Sahu , Anirudh Som , Dimitra Vergyri , Ajay Divakaran

This paper presents the ReCO, a human-curated ChineseReading Comprehension dataset on Opinion. The questions in ReCO are opinion based queries issued to the commercial search engine. The passages are provided by the crowdworkers who extract…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-23 BingningWang , Ting Yao , Qi Zhang , Jingfang Xu , Xiaochuan Wang

Recent large language models support inputs of up to 10 million tokens, yet they perform poorly on long-context tasks that require complex reasoning. Such tasks can be solved using only a subset of the input -- a proxy context -- rather…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Miao Li , Irina Saparina , Alexander Gurung , Mirella Lapata

Conversational query clarification enables users to refine their search queries through interactive dialogue, improving search effectiveness. Traditional approaches rely on text-based clarifying questions, which often fail to capture…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Kimia Ramezan , Alireza Amiri Bavandpour , Yifei Yuan , Clemencia Siro , Mohammad Aliannejadi

We study a novel language model architecture that is capable of scaling test-time computation by implicitly reasoning in latent space. Our model works by iterating a recurrent block, thereby unrolling to arbitrary depth at test-time. This…

Large language models (LLMs) continue to struggle with knowledge-intensive questions that require up-to-date information and multi-hop reasoning. Augmenting LLMs with hybrid external knowledge, such as unstructured text and structured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Junhong Lin , Bing Zhang , Song Wang , Ziyan Liu , Dan Gutfreund , Julian Shun , Yada Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) typically enhance their performance through either the retrieval of semantically similar information or the improvement of their reasoning capabilities. However, a significant challenge remains in effectively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Shuqi Liu , Bowei He , Chen Ma , Linqi Song

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems critically depend on retrieval quality, yet no systematic comparison of modern retrieval methods exists for heterogeneous documents containing both text and tabular data. We benchmark ten…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Meftun Akarsu , Recep Kaan Karaman , Christopher Mierbach

Popular QA benchmarks like SQuAD have driven progress on the task of identifying answer spans within a specific passage, with models now surpassing human performance. However, retrieving relevant answers from a huge corpus of documents is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Amin Ahmad , Noah Constant , Yinfei Yang , Daniel Cer

We investigate the task of modeling open-domain, multi-turn, unstructured, multi-participant, conversational dialogue. We specifically study the effect of incorporating different elements of the conversation. Unlike previous efforts, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-02 Rami Al-Rfou , Marc Pickett , Javier Snaider , Yun-hsuan Sung , Brian Strope , Ray Kurzweil

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly relied upon for complex multi-turn conversations across diverse real-world applications. However, existing benchmarks predominantly focus on single-turn evaluations, overlooking the models'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Wai-Chung Kwan , Xingshan Zeng , Yuxin Jiang , Yufei Wang , Liangyou Li , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Kam-Fai Wong

When answering a question, humans utilize the information available across different modalities to synthesize a consistent and complete chain of thought (CoT). This process is normally a black box in the case of deep learning models like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Pan Lu , Swaroop Mishra , Tony Xia , Liang Qiu , Kai-Wei Chang , Song-Chun Zhu , Oyvind Tafjord , Peter Clark , Ashwin Kalyan

In this paper, we propose a Chinese multi-turn topic-driven conversation dataset, NaturalConv, which allows the participants to chat anything they want as long as any element from the topic is mentioned and the topic shift is smooth. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Xiaoyang Wang , Chen Li , Jianqiao Zhao , Dong Yu