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As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain autonomous capabilities, their coordination in multi-agent settings becomes increasingly important. However, they often struggle with cooperation, leading to suboptimal outcomes. Inspired by Axelrod's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Kenneth J. K. Ong , Lye Jia Jun , Hieu Minh "Jord" Nguyen , Seong Hah Cho , Natalia Pérez-Campanero Antolín

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents, necessitating a deeper understanding of their decision-making behaviour under risk. This study investigates the relationship between LLMs' personality traits and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-10 John Hartley , Conor Hamill , Devesh Batra , Dale Seddon , Ramin Okhrati , Raad Khraishi

Personality steering in large language models (LLMs) commonly relies on injecting trait-specific steering vectors, implicitly assuming that personality traits can be controlled independently. In this work, we examine whether this assumption…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Pranav Bhandari , Usman Naseem , Mehwish Nasim

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit distinct and consistent personalities that greatly impact trust and engagement. While this means that personality frameworks would be highly valuable tools to characterize and control LLMs' behavior,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Michel Frising , Daniel Balcells

Personality manipulation in large language models (LLMs) is increasingly applied in customer service and agentic scenarios, yet its mechanisms and trade-offs remain unclear. We present a systematic study of personality control using the Big…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Gunmay Handa , Zekun Wu , Adriano Koshiyama , Philip Treleaven

Humans increasingly rely on large language models (LLMs) to support decisions in social settings. Previous work suggests that such tools shape people's moral and political judgements. However, the long-term implications of LLM-based social…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-02 Alexandre S. Pires , Laurens Samson , Sennay Ghebreab , Fernando P. Santos

While both agent interaction and personalisation are vibrant topics in research on large language models (LLMs), there has been limited focus on the effect of language interaction on the behaviour of persona-conditioned LLM agents. Such an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Ivar Frisch , Mario Giulianelli

As autonomous agents become more prevalent, understanding their collective behaviour in strategic interactions is crucial. This study investigates the emergent cooperative tendencies of systems of Large Language Model (LLM) agents in a…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Richard Willis , Yali Du , Joel Z Leibo , Michael Luck

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced dialogue systems and role-playing agents through their ability to generate human-like text. While prior studies have shown that LLMs can exhibit distinct and consistent personalities,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Shu Yang , Shenzhe Zhu , Liang Liu , Lijie Hu , Mengdi Li , Di Wang

Large Language Models increasingly mediate high-stakes interactions, intensifying research on their capabilities and safety. While recent work has shown that LLMs exhibit consistent and measurable synthetic personality traits, little is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Stephen Fitz , Peter Romero , Steven Basart , Sipeng Chen , Jose Hernandez-Orallo

Large language models (LLMs) excel in both closed tasks (including problem-solving, and code generation) and open tasks (including creative writing), yet existing explanations for their capabilities lack connections to real-world human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yifan Duan , Yihong Tang , Xuefeng Bai , Kehai Chen , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Psychological evidence reveals the influence of personality traits on decision-making. For instance, agreeableness is generally associated with positive outcomes in negotiations, whereas neuroticism is often linked to less favorable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yin Jou Huang , Rafik Hadfi

The ongoing revolution in language modeling has led to various novel applications, some of which rely on the emerging social abilities of large language models (LLMs). Already, many turn to the new cyber friends for advice during the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ivan Zakazov , Mikolaj Boronski , Lorenzo Drudi , Robert West

Machines driven by large language models (LLMs) have the potential to augment humans across various tasks, a development with profound implications for business settings where effective communication, collaboration, and stakeholder trust…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Paweł Niszczota , Tomasz Grzegorczyk , Alexander Pastukhov

Prompt-based personality control is a key technique for designing large language model (LLM) dialogue agents that behave consistently across social contexts. However, specifying Big Five personality traits (BFTs) in a prompt does not ensure…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Moe Nagao , Koichiro Terao , Mikio Nakano , Naoto Iwahashi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed to support human decision-making. This use of LLMs has concerning implications, especially when their prescriptions affect the welfare of others. To gauge how LLMs make social…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Saptarshi Pal , Abhishek Mallela , Christian Hilbe , Lenz Pracher , Chiyu Wei , Feng Fu , Santiago Schnell , Martin A Nowak

This study investigates the capacity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to infer the Big Five personality traits from free-form user interactions. The results demonstrate that a chatbot powered by GPT-4 can infer personality with moderate…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Heinrich Peters , Moran Cerf , Sandra C. Matz

The behavior of Large Language Models (LLMs) as artificial social agents is largely unexplored, and we still lack extensive evidence of how these agents react to simple social stimuli. Testing the behavior of AI agents in classic Game…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Nicoló Fontana , Francesco Pierri , Luca Maria Aiello

Psychological assessment tools have long helped humans understand behavioural patterns. While Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate content comparable to that of humans, we explore whether they exhibit personality traits. To this end,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Pranav Bhandari , Usman Naseem , Amitava Datta , Nicolas Fay , Mehwish Nasim

Large language models enable unscripted conversations while maintaining a consistent personality. One desirable personality trait in cooperative partners, known to improve task performance, is agreeableness. To explore the impact of large…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Dennis Becker , Kyra Ahrens , Connor Gäde , Erik Strahl , Stefan Wermter
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