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Non-Hermitian systems with non-reciprocal hopping may display the non-Hermitian skin effect, where states under open boundary conditions localize exponentially at one edge of the system. This localization has been linked to spectral winding…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-12-01 Clément Fortin , Kai Wang , T. Pereg-Barnea

We investigate the roles of non-Hermitian topology in spectral properties and entanglement structures of open systems. In terms of spectral theory, we give a unified understanding of two interpretations of non-Hermitian topology: quantum…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-02-24 Nobuyuki Okuma , Masatoshi Sato

We show how generic non-Hermitian tight-binding lattice models can be realized in an unconditional, quantum-mechanically consistent manner by constructing an appropriate open quantum system. We focus on the quantum steady states of such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-21 Alexander McDonald , Ryo Hanai , Aashish A. Clerk

We investigate a one-dimensional superconducting lattice that realizes all internal symmetries permitted in non-Hermitian systems, characterized by nonreciprocal hopping, onsite dissipation, and $s$-wave singlet pairing in a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Chuo-Kai Chang , Kazuma Saito , Nobuyuki Okuma , Hsien-Chung Kao , Chen-Hsuan Hsu

Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of non-Hermitian tridiagonal periodic random matrices are studied by means of the Hatano-Nelson deformation. The deformed spectrum is annular-shaped, with inner radius measured by the complex Thouless formula.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-09-14 L. G. Molinari , G. N. Lacagnina

Non-Hermitian systems exhibit unique spectral properties, including the non-Hermitian skin effect and exceptional points, often influenced by boundary conditions. The modulation of these phenomena by generalized boundary conditions remains…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-20 S Rahul , Pasquale Marra

The non-Hermitian skin effect describes the concentration of an extensive number of eigenstates near the boundaries of certain dissipative systems. This phenomenon has raised a huge interest in different areas of physics, including…

Optics · Physics 2025-04-10 Stefano Longhi

The current understanding of the role of topology in non-Hermitian (NH) systems and its far-reaching physical consequences observable in a range of dissipative settings are reviewed. In particular, how the paramount and genuinely NH concept…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-03-03 Emil J. Bergholtz , Jan Carl Budich , Flore K. Kunst

We introduce the notion of pseudo-Hermiticity and show that every Hamiltonian with a real spectrum is pseudo-Hermitian. We point out that all the PT-symmetric non-Hermitian Hamiltonians studied in the literature belong to the class of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-09-07 Ali Mostafazadeh

Physically, one tends to think of non-Hermitian systems in terms of gain and loss: the decay or amplification of a mode is given by the imaginary part of its energy. Here, we introduce an alternative avenue to the realm of non-Hermitian…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-08-22 S. Franca , V. Könye , F. Hassler , J. van den Brink , I. C. Fulga

Band structures of metamaterials described by a nonlinear eigenvalue problem are beyond the existing topological band theory. In this paper, we analyze non-Hermitian topology under the nonlinearity of eigenvalues. Specifically, we elucidate…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-02-19 Tsuneya Yoshida , Takuma Isobe , Yasuhiro Hatsugai

The effect of non-Hermiticity in band topology has sparked many discussions on non-Hermitian topological physics. It has long been known that non-Hermitian Hamiltonians can exhibit real energy spectra under the condition of parity-time…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-03-20 Yang Long , Haoran Xue , Baile Zhang

Non-Hermitian systems exhibit anomalous scaling, a striking departure from conventional bulk laws, rooted in the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE). Here, we experimentally uncover this scaling and demonstrate its active control in a temporal…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-30 Shulin Wang , Jiawei He , Zhiyuan Yang , Stefano Longhi , Peng Xue

Non-Hermitian lattices with non-reciprocal couplings under open boundary conditions are known to possess linear modes exponentially localized on one edge of the chain. This phenomenon, dubbed non-Hermitian skin effect, induces all input…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2026-05-25 Bertin Many Manda , Ricardo Carretero-González , Panayotis G. Kevrekidis , Vassos Achilleos

The non-Hermitian skin effect is an intriguing physical phenomenon, in which all eigen-modes of a non-Hermitian lattice become localized at boundary regions. While such an exotic behavior has been demonstrated in various physical platforms,…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-01-27 Mathieu Padlewski , Romain Fleury , Hervé Lissek

The non-Hermitian skin effect is fundamentally characterized by its sensitivity to boundary conditions, reflected in changes to the energy spectrum and boundary-localized eigenstates. Here, we demonstrate that a spatially inhomogeneous…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Zheng Wei , Ji-Yao Fan , Kui Cao , Xin-Ran Ma , Cui-Xian Guo , Xue-Ping Ren , Su-Peng Kou

Non-Hermitian matrices are ubiquitous in the description of nature ranging from classical dissipative systems, including optical, electrical, and mechanical metamaterials, to scattering of waves and open quantum many-body systems. Seminal…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Kang Yang , Zhi Li , J. Lukas K. König , Lukas Rødland , Marcus Stålhammar , Emil J. Bergholtz

One of the most pronounced non-Hermitian phenomena is the non-Hermitian skin effect, which refers to the exponential localization of bulk eigenstates near the boundaries of non-Hermitian systems. Whereas non-Bloch band theory has been…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-11-27 Yu-Min Hu , Yin-Quan Huang , Wen-Tan Xue , Zhong Wang

Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians possessing a discrete real spectrum motivated a remarkable research activity in quantum physics and new insights have emerged. In this paper we formulate concepts of statistical thermodynamics for systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-18 Natália Bebiano , João da Providência , João P. da Providência

A defining quantity of a physical system is its energy which is represented by the Hamiltonian. In closed quantum mechanical or/and coherent wave-based systems the Hamiltonian is introduced as a Hermitian operator which ensures real energy…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-05 Jamal Berakdar , Xi-guang Wang