Related papers: A complete characterization of testable hypotheses
We theoretically analyze the problem of testing for $p$-hacking based on distributions of $p$-values across multiple studies. We provide general results for when such distributions have testable restrictions (are non-increasing) under the…
Statistical techniques are used in all branches of science to determine the feasibility of quantitative hypotheses. One of the most basic applications of statistical techniques in comparative analysis is the test of equality of two…
We introduce credal two-sample testing, a new hypothesis testing framework for comparing credal sets -- convex sets of probability measures where each element captures aleatoric uncertainty and the set itself represents epistemic…
Let $f:M\rightarrow M$ be a $C^1$ diffeomorphism with a dominated splitting on a compact Riemanian manifold $M$ without boundary. We state and prove several sufficient conditions for the topological entropy of $f$ to be positive. The…
Although the assumption of elliptical symmetry is quite common in multivariate analysis and widespread in a number of applications, the problem of testing the null hypothesis of ellipticity so far has not been addressed in a fully…
We formulate the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a pair of maximally incompatible two-outcome measurements in a finite dimensional General Probabilistic Theory. The conditions are on the geometry of the state space,…
We revisit, in an original and challenging perspective, the problem of testing the null hypothesis that the mode of a directional signal is equal to a given value. Motivated by a real data example where the signal is weak, we consider this…
A unified framework is proposed for tests of unobserved heterogeneity in parametric statistic models based on Neyman's $C(\alpha)$ approach. Such tests are irregular in the sense that the first order derivative of the log likelihood with…
Analyzing the dimension of an unknown quantum system in a device-independent manner, i.e., using only the measurement statistics, is a fundamental task in quantum physics and quantum information theory. In this paper, we consider this…
Quantum pre- and post-selection (PPS) paradoxes occur when counterfactual inferences are made about different measurements that might have been performed, between two measurements that are actually performed. The 3 box paradox is the…
We study the question of identity testing for structured distributions. More precisely, given samples from a {\em structured} distribution $q$ over $[n]$ and an explicit distribution $p$ over $[n]$, we wish to distinguish whether $q=p$…
We establish topological necessary and sufficient conditions under which a pair of statistical hypotheses can be consistently distinguished when i.i.d. observations are recorded only to finite precision. To accommodate finite-precision…
Correlation self-testing of quantum theory involves identifying a task or set of tasks whose optimal performance can be achieved only by theories that can realise the same set of correlations as quantum theory in every causal structure.…
Information accounting provides a better foundation for hypothesis testing than does uncertainty quantification. A quantitative account of science is derived under this perspective that alleviates the need for epistemic bridge principles,…
In this paper, the defining properties of a valid measure of the dependence between two random variables are reviewed and complemented with two original ones, shown to be more fundamental than other usual postulates. While other popular…
Let $K\subset R^n$ be a compact basic semi-algebraic set. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition (with no a priori bounding parameter) for a real sequence $y=(y_\alpha)$, $\alpha\in N^n$, to have a finite representing Borel measure…
We explore the consequences of layering a Lambek proof system over an arbitrary (constraint) logic. A simple model-theoretic semantics for our hybrid language is provided for which a particularly simple combination of Lambek's and the proof…
Equivalence testing compares the hypothesis that an effect $\mu$ is large against the alternative that it is negligible. Here, `large' is classically expressed as being larger than some `equivalence margin' $\Delta$. A longstanding problem…
In this paper, after a discussion of general properties of statistical tests, we present the construction of the most powerful hypothesis test for determining the existence of a new phenomenon in counting-type experiments where the observed…
In this paper we develop tools for studying limit theorems by means of convexity. We establish bounds for the discrepancy in total variation between probability measures $\mu$ and $\nu$ such that $\nu$ is log-concave with respect to $\mu$.…