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Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on external memory to support long-horizon interaction, personalized assistance, and multi-step reasoning. However, existing memory systems still face three core challenges: they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Shannan Yan , Jingchen Ni , Leqi Zheng , Jiajun Zhang , Peixi Wu , Dacheng Yin , Jing Lyu , Chun Yuan , Fengyun Rao

While language models (LMs) have shown potential across a range of decision-making tasks, their reliance on simple acting processes limits their broad deployment as autonomous agents. In this paper, we introduce Language Agent Tree Search…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Andy Zhou , Kai Yan , Michal Shlapentokh-Rothman , Haohan Wang , Yu-Xiong Wang

Recent advancements in aligning large language models via reinforcement learning have achieved remarkable gains in solving complex reasoning problems, but at the cost of expensive on-policy rollouts and limited exploration of diverse…

Evaluating the abilities of large language models (LLMs) for tasks that require long-term memory and thus long-context reasoning, for example in conversational settings, is hampered by the existing benchmarks, which often lack narrative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mohammad Tavakoli , Alireza Salemi , Carrie Ye , Mohamed Abdalla , Hamed Zamani , J Ross Mitchell

Humans can easily isolate a single speaker from a complex acoustic environment, a capability referred to as the "Cocktail Party Effect." However, replicating this ability has been a significant challenge in the field of target speaker…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-08 Xiang Hao , Jibin Wu , Jianwei Yu , Chenglin Xu , Kay Chen Tan

Persona-based dialogue systems aim to generate consistent responses based on historical context and predefined persona. Unlike conventional dialogue generation, the persona-based dialogue needs to consider both dialogue context and persona,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Qiushi Huang , Yu Zhang , Tom Ko , Xubo Liu , Bo Wu , Wenwu Wang , Lilian Tang

Personalization is essential for Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents to adapt to users' preferences and improve response quality and task performance. However, most existing approaches infer personas from chat histories, which capture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Bufang Yang , Lilin Xu , Yixuan Li , Kaiwei Liu , Xiaofan Jiang , Zhenyu Yan

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable multi-step reasoning capabilities across various domains. However, LLMs still face distinct challenges in complex logical reasoning, as (1) proof-finding requires systematic exploration…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Kang He , Kaushik Roy

Modern language agents must operate over long-horizon, multi-turn interactions, where they retrieve external information, adapt to observations, and answer interdependent queries. Yet, most LLM systems rely on full-context prompting,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Zijian Zhou , Ao Qu , Zhaoxuan Wu , Sunghwan Kim , Alok Prakash , Daniela Rus , Jinhua Zhao , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low , Paul Pu Liang

Global aging calls for scalable and engaging cognitive interventions. Computerized cognitive training (CCT) is a promising non-pharmacological approach, yet many unsupervised programs rely on rigid, hand-authored puzzles that are difficult…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Zilong Wang , Nan Chen , Luna K. Qiu , Ling Yue , Geli Guo , Yang Ou , Shiqi Jiang , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Recent dialogue approaches operate by reading each word in a conversation history, and aggregating accrued dialogue information into a single state. This fixed-size vector is not expandable and must maintain a consistent format over time.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-24 David Donahue , Yuanliang Meng , Anna Rumshisky

Large language model (LLM) based recommendation agents personalize what they know through evolving per-user semantic memory, yet how they reason remains a universal, static system prompt shared identically across all users. This asymmetry…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhen Tao , Riwei Lai , Chenyun Yu , Weixin Chen , Li Chen , Beibei Kong , Lei Cheng , Chengxiang Zhuo , Zang Li , Qingqiang Sun

Memory is essential for enabling large language models to support long-horizon reasoning, yet existing memory systems remain unreliable and difficult to debug. Tracing memory's dynamic evolution is crucial to understand how information is…

Conversational recommender systems (CRS) aim to timely trace the dynamic interests of users through dialogues and generate relevant responses for item recommendations. Recently, various external knowledge bases (especially knowledge graphs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Wendi Li , Wei Wei , Xiaoye Qu , Xian-Ling Mao , Ye Yuan , Wenfeng Xie , Dangyang Chen

The performance of today's in-memory indexes is bottlenecked by the memory latency/bandwidth wall. Processing-in-memory (PIM) is an emerging approach that potentially mitigates this bottleneck, by enabling low-latency memory access whose…

Decision trees, owing to their interpretability, are attractive as control policies for (dynamical) systems. Unfortunately, constructing, or synthesising, such policies is a challenging task. Previous approaches do so by imitating a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Emir Demirović , Christian Schilling , Anna Lukina

In this paper, we propose a controllable neural generation framework that can flexibly guide dialogue summarization with personal named entity planning. The conditional sequences are modulated to decide what types of information or what…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Zhengyuan Liu , Nancy F. Chen

Persistent conversational AI systems face a choice between passing full conversation histories to a long-context large language model (LLM) and maintaining a dedicated memory system that extracts and retrieves structured facts. We compare a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Natchanon Pollertlam , Witchayut Kornsuwannawit

Memory is critical for dialogue agents to maintain coherence and enable continuous adaptation in long-term interactions. While existing memory mechanisms offer basic storage and retrieval capabilities, they are hindered by two primary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Huhai Zou , Tianhao Sun , Chuanjiang He , Yu Tian , Zhenyang Li , Li Jin , Nayu Liu , Jiang Zhong , Kaiwen Wei

Large Language Model (LLM) has exhibited strong reasoning ability in text-based contexts across various domains, yet the limitation of context window poses challenges for the model on long-range inference tasks and necessitates a memory…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Mengwei Yuan , Jianan Liu , Jing Yang , Xianyou Li , Weiran Yan , Yichao Wu , Penghao Liang