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Deep Research Agents (DRAs) aim to answer complex questions by searching the web, checking evidence, and synthesizing conclusions across heterogeneous sources. We introduce a category-theoretic framework for evaluating and improving such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Shuoling Liu , Zhiquan Tan , Kun Yi , Hui Wu , Yihan Li , Jiangpeng Yan , Liyuan Chen , Kai Chen , Qiang Yang

In this study, we tackle the challenge of inadequate and costly training data that has hindered the development of conversational question answering (ConvQA) systems. Enterprises have a large corpus of diverse internal documents. Instead of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Fanyou Wu , Weijie Xu , Chandan K. Reddy , Srinivasan H. Sengamedu

Recent advances in multimodal LLMs and systems that use tools for long-video QA point to the promise of reasoning over hour-long episodes. However, many methods still compress content into lossy summaries or rely on limited toolsets,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Runtao Liu , Ziyi Liu , Jiaqi Tang , Yue Ma , Renjie Pi , Jipeng Zhang , Qifeng Chen

Collecting data for training dialog systems can be extremely expensive due to the involvement of human participants and need for extensive annotation. Especially in document-grounded dialog systems, human experts need to carefully read the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Qingyang Wu , Song Feng , Derek Chen , Sachindra Joshi , Luis A. Lastras , Zhou Yu

A conventional approach to entity linking is to first find mentions in a given document and then infer their underlying entities in the knowledge base. A well-known limitation of this approach is that it requires finding mentions without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Wenzheng Zhang , Wenyue Hua , Karl Stratos

We propose V-Doc, a question-answering tool using document images and PDF, mainly for researchers and general non-deep learning experts looking to generate, process, and understand the document visual question answering tasks. The V-Doc…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Yihao Ding , Zhe Huang , Runlin Wang , Yanhang Zhang , Xianru Chen , Yuzhong Ma , Hyunsuk Chung , Soyeon Caren Han

Document Question Answering (QA) presents a challenge in understanding visually-rich documents (VRD), particularly those dominated by lengthy textual content like research journal articles. Existing studies primarily focus on real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Yihao Ding , Kaixuan Ren , Jiabin Huang , Siwen Luo , Soyeon Caren Han

In this work, we propose MetaAgent, an agentic paradigm inspired by the principle of learning-by-doing, where expertise is developed through hands-on practice and continual self-improvement. MetaAgent starts with a minimal workflow,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Hongjin Qian , Zheng Liu

Question answering (QA) is a critical task for speech-based retrieval from knowledge sources, by sifting only the answers without requiring to read supporting documents. Specifically, open-domain QA aims to answer user questions on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Sang-eun Han , Yeonseok Jeong , Seung-won Hwang , Kyungjae Lee

Agentic search such as Deep Research systems-where agents autonomously browse the web, synthesize information, and return comprehensive citation-backed answers-represents a major shift in how users interact with web-scale information. While…

Training trustworthy agentic LLMs requires data that shows the grounded reasoning process, not just the final answer. Existing datasets fall short: question-answering data is outcome-only, chain-of-thought data is not tied to specific…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Saber Zerhoudi , Michael Granitzer , Jelena Mitrovic

We aim to develop a multimodal research agent capable of explicit reasoning and planning, multi-tool invocation, and cross-modal information synthesis, enabling it to conduct deep research tasks. However, we observe three main challenges in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Huanjin Yao , Qixiang Yin , Min Yang , Ziwang Zhao , Yibo Wang , Haotian Luo , Jingyi Zhang , Jiaxing Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results in knowledge-based Visual Question Answering (VQA). However existing methods still have challenges: the inability to use external tools autonomously, and the inability to work in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Zhongjian Hu , Peng Yang , Bing Li , Zhenqi Wang

Knowledge and expertise in the real-world can be disjointedly owned. To solve a complex question, collaboration among experts is often called for. In this paper, we propose CollabQA, a novel QA task in which several expert agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Xiangkun Hu , Hang Yan , Qipeng Guo , Xipeng Qiu , Weinan Zhang , Zheng Zhang

Existing benchmarks for evaluating foundation models mainly focus on single-document, text-only tasks. However, they often fail to fully capture the complexity of research workflows, which typically involve interpreting non-textual data and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Chuhan Li , Ziyao Shangguan , Yilun Zhao , Deyuan Li , Yixin Liu , Arman Cohan

Deep search agents, which aim to answer complex questions requiring reasoning across multiple documents, can significantly speed up the information-seeking process. Collecting human annotations for this application is prohibitively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Fangyuan Xu , Rujun Han , Yanfei Chen , Zifeng Wang , I-Hung Hsu , Jun Yan , Vishy Tirumalashetty , Eunsol Choi , Tomas Pfister , Chen-Yu Lee

Open Domain Question Answering (ODQA) within natural language processing involves building systems that answer factual questions using large-scale knowledge corpora. Recent advances stem from the confluence of several factors, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Akchay Srivastava , Atif Memon

Open-domain complex Question Answering (QA) is a difficult task with challenges in evidence retrieval and reasoning. The complexity of such questions could stem from questions being compositional, hybrid evidence, or ambiguity in questions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Venktesh V. Deepali Prabhu , Avishek Anand

Knowledge work demands sustained self-regulation, prioritization, and reflection-yet existing planning tools only partially support these needs. Digital to-do list applications feature task persistence but lack goal representation.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Simon Bohnen , Gabriel Garbers , Lukas Ellinger , Georg Groh

While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in automating data science, existing agents often struggle with the complexity of real-world workflows that require exploring multiple sources and synthesizing open-ended insights. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jaehyun Nam , Jinsung Yoon , Jiefeng Chen , Raj Sinha , Jinwoo Shin , Tomas Pfister