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The application of natural language processing models to PDF documents is pivotal for various business applications yet the challenge of training models for this purpose persists in businesses due to specific hurdles. These include the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Alex Nguyen , Zilong Wang , Jingbo Shang , Dheeraj Mekala

Recently, to comprehensively improve Vision Language Models (VLMs) for Visual Question Answering (VQA), several methods have been proposed to further reinforce the inference capabilities of VLMs to independently tackle VQA tasks rather than…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Zeqing Wang , Wentao Wan , Qiqing Lao , Runmeng Chen , Minjie Lang , Xiao Wang , Keze Wang , Liang Lin

Recent advances in deep-research systems have demonstrated the potential for AI agents to autonomously discover and synthesize knowledge from external sources. In this paper, we introduce WebResearcher, a novel framework for building such…

Deep research requires reasoning over web evidence to answer open-ended questions, and it is a core capability for AI agents. Yet many deep research agents still rely on implicit, unstructured search behavior that causes redundant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Boer Zhang , Mingyan Wu , Dongzhuoran Zhou , Yuqicheng Zhu , Wendong Fan , Puzhen Zhang , Zifeng Ding , Guohao Li , Yuan He

Question Answering (QA) is a growing area of research, often used to facilitate the extraction of information from within documents. State-of-the-art QA models are usually pre-trained on domain-general corpora like Wikipedia and thus tend…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Matthew Maufe , James Ravenscroft , Rob Procter , Maria Liakata

Researchers produce thousands of scholarly documents containing valuable technical knowledge. The community faces the laborious task of reading these documents to identify, extract, and synthesize information. To automate information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Tavish McDonald , Brian Tsan , Amar Saini , Juanita Ordonez , Luis Gutierrez , Phan Nguyen , Blake Mason , Brenda Ng

Information extraction from documents is a ubiquitous first step in many business applications. During this step, the entries of various fields must first be read from the images of scanned documents before being further processed and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Shachar Klaiman , Marius Lehne

We present DocFormer -- a multi-modal transformer based architecture for the task of Visual Document Understanding (VDU). VDU is a challenging problem which aims to understand documents in their varied formats (forms, receipts etc.) and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Srikar Appalaraju , Bhavan Jasani , Bhargava Urala Kota , Yusheng Xie , R. Manmatha

Multi-page Document Visual Question Answering requires reasoning over semantics, layouts, and visual elements in long, visually dense documents. Existing OCR-free methods face a trade-off between capacity and precision: end-to-end models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yuanlei Zheng , Pei Fu , Hang Li , Ziyang Wang , Yuyi Zhang , Wenyu Ruan , Xiaojin Zhang , Zhongyu Wei , Zhenbo Luo , Jian Luan , Wei Chen , Xiang Bai

Deep research is an inherently challenging task that demands both breadth and depth of thinking. It involves navigating diverse knowledge spaces and reasoning over complex, multi-step dependencies, which presents substantial challenges for…

In spoken question answering, the systems are designed to answer questions from contiguous text spans within the related speech transcripts. However, the most natural way that human seek or test their knowledge is via human conversations.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Chenyu You , Nuo Chen , Fenglin Liu , Shen Ge , Xian Wu , Yuexian Zou

Vision-language models have demonstrated impressive capabilities as computer-use agents (CUAs) capable of automating diverse computer tasks. As their commercial potential grows, critical details of the most capable CUA systems remain…

The recent explosion of question answering (QA) datasets and models has increased the interest in the generalization of models across multiple domains and formats by either training on multiple datasets or by combining multiple models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Haritz Puerto , Gözde Gül Şahin , Iryna Gurevych

Solving mathematical reasoning problems requires not only accurate access to relevant knowledge but also careful, multi-step thinking. However, current retrieval-augmented models often rely on a single perspective, follow inflexible search…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Ali Asgarov , Umid Suleymanov , Aadyant Khatri

We introduce COREQQA, a tool for assisting requirements engineers in acquiring a better understanding of compliance requirements by means of automated Question Answering. Extracting compliance-related requirements by manually navigating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Sallam Abualhaija , Chetan Arora , Lionel Briand

Tabular question answering (TQA) presents a challenging setting for neural systems by requiring joint reasoning of natural language with large amounts of semi-structured data. Unlike humans who use programmatic tools like filters to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Carlos Gemmell , Jeffrey Dalton

Answering open-ended questions remains challenging for AI systems because it requires synthesis, judgment, and exploration beyond factual retrieval, and users often refine answers through multiple iterations rather than accepting a single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Saransh Sharma , Pritika Ramu , Aparna Garimella , Koyel Mukherjee

REST APIs play important roles in enriching the action space of web agents, yet most API-based agents rely on curated and uniform toolsets that do not reflect the complexity of real-world APIs. Building tool-using agents for arbitrary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Xinyi Ni , Haonan Jian , Qiuyang Wang , Vedanshi Chetan Shah , Pengyu Hong

Aspect-Based Sentiment Intensity Analysis (ABSIA) has garnered increasing attention, though research largely focuses on domain-specific, sentence-level settings. In contrast, document-level ABSIA--particularly in addressing complex tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Lei Wang , Min Huang , Eduard Dragut

Deep-research agents are capable of executing multi-step web exploration, targeted retrieval, and sophisticated question answering. Despite their powerful capabilities, deep-research agents face two critical bottlenecks: (1) the lack of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Tongzhou Wu , Yuhao Wang , Xinyu Ma , Xiuqiang He , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Xiangyu Zhao