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Speculative decoding (SD), where an extra draft model is employed to provide multiple draft tokens first, and then the original target model verifies these tokens in parallel, has shown great power for LLM inference acceleration. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Tianyu Liu , Yun Li , Qitan Lv , Kai Liu , Jianchen Zhu , Winston Hu , Xiao Sun

Speculative decoding (SPD) accelerates large language model (LLM) inference by letting a smaller draft model propose multiple future tokens that are verified in parallel by a larger target model. The dominant SPD paradigm treats the target…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinze Li , Yixing Xu , Guanchen Li , Jinfeng Xu , Shuo Yang , Yang Zhang , Xuanwu Yin , Dong Li , Edith C. H. Ngai , Emad Barsoum

Speculative decoding accelerates memory-bound LLM inference without quality degradation by using a fast drafter to propose multiple candidate tokens and the target model to verify them in parallel. However, conventional sequential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yaojie Zhang , Jianuo Huang , Junlong Ke , Yuhang Han , Yongji Long , Tianchen Zhao , Biqing Qi , Linfeng Zhang

We introduce Reward-Guided Speculative Decoding (RSD), a novel framework aimed at improving the efficiency of inference in large language models (LLMs). RSD synergistically combines a lightweight draft model with a more powerful target…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Baohao Liao , Yuhui Xu , Hanze Dong , Junnan Li , Christof Monz , Silvio Savarese , Doyen Sahoo , Caiming Xiong

Large language model (LLM) decoding involves generating a sequence of tokens based on a given context, where each token is predicted one at a time using the model's learned probabilities. The typical autoregressive decoding method requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Xukun Liu , Bowen Lei , Ruqi Zhang , Dongkuan Xu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable reasoning and perceptual abilities for anomaly detection. However, most approaches remain confined to image-level anomaly detection and textual reasoning, while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yizhou Jin , Yuezhu Feng , Jinjin Zhang , Peng Wang , Qingjie Liu , Yunhong Wang

Speculative decoding has rapidly emerged as a leading approach for accelerating language model (LM) inference, as it offers substantial speedups while yielding identical outputs. This relies upon a small draft model, tasked with predicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Miles Williams , Young D. Kwon , Rui Li , Alexandros Kouris , Stylianos I. Venieris

Semantic image synthesis, translating semantic layouts to photo-realistic images, is a one-to-many mapping problem. Though impressive progress has been recently made, diverse semantic synthesis that can efficiently produce semantic-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Zhentao Tan , Menglei Chai , Dongdong Chen , Jing Liao , Qi Chu , Bin Liu , Gang Hua , Nenghai Yu

Speculative decoding accelerates Large Language Model (LLM) inference by verifying multiple drafted tokens in parallel. However, for Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models, this parallelism introduces a severe bottleneck: large draft trees…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Bradley McDanel , Steven Li , Sruthikesh Surineni , Harshit Khaitan

Self-supervised learning (SSL) methods targeting scene images have seen a rapid growth recently, and they mostly rely on either a dedicated dense matching mechanism or a costly unsupervised object discovery module. This paper shows that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Ke Zhu , Minghao Fu , Jianxin Wu

Multi-subject personalized image generation aims to synthesize customized images containing multiple specified subjects without requiring test-time optimization. However, achieving fine-grained independent control over multiple subjects…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Qiaoqiao Jin , Siming Fu , Dong She , Weinan Jia , Hualiang Wang , Mu Liu , Jidong Jiang

Semantic localization (SeLo) refers to the task of obtaining the most relevant locations in large-scale remote sensing (RS) images using semantic information such as text. As an emerging task based on cross-modal retrieval, SeLo achieves…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Zhiqiang Yuan , Wenkai Zhang , Chongyang Li , Zhaoying Pan , Yongqiang Mao , Jialiang Chen , Shouke Li , Hongqi Wang , Xian Sun

This paper introduces a simple but highly efficient ensemble for robust texture classification, which can effectively deal with translation, scale and changes of significant viewpoint problems. The proposed method first inherits the spirit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2012-03-06 Shu Kong , Donghui Wang

Autoregressive (AR) image models have recently demonstrated remarkable generative capability, but their sequential nature results in significant inference latency. Existing training-free acceleration methods typically verify tokens…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zhehao Yu , Baoquan Zhang , Bingqi Shan , Xinhao Liu , Dongliang Zhou , Guotao Liang , Guangming Ye , Yunming Ye

Speculative decoding is a widely used method that accelerates the generation process of large language models (LLMs) with no compromise in model performance. It achieves this goal by using an existing smaller model for drafting and then…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Weilin Zhao , Yuxiang Huang , Xu Han , Wang Xu , Chaojun Xiao , Xinrong Zhang , Yewei Fang , Kaihuo Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

This research aims to accelerate the inference speed of large language models (LLMs) with billions of parameters. We propose \textbf{S}mart \textbf{P}arallel \textbf{A}uto-\textbf{C}orrect d\textbf{E}coding (SPACE), an innovative approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Hanling Yi , Feng Lin , Hongbin Li , Peiyang Ning , Xiaotian Yu , Rong Xiao

In edge-cloud speculative decoding (SD), edge devices equipped with small language models (SLMs) generate draft tokens that are verified by large language models (LLMs) in the cloud. A key bottleneck in such systems is the limited…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-13 Guangyi Zhang , Yunlong Cai , Guanding Yu , Petar Popovski , Osvaldo Simeone

Autoregressive (AR) models remain the standard for natural language generation but still suffer from high latency due to strictly sequential decoding. Recent diffusion-inspired approaches, such as LlaDA and Dream, mitigate this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Qinglin Zhu , Yizhen Yao , Runcong Zhao , Yanzheng Xiang , Amrutha Saseendran , Chen Jin , Philip Teare , Bin Liang , Yulan He , Lin Gui

Convolution is spatially-symmetric, i.e., the visual features are independent of its position in the image, which limits its ability to utilize contextual cues for visual recognition. This paper addresses this issue by introducing a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Yan Wang , Lingxi Xie , Siyuan Qiao , Ya Zhang , Wenjun Zhang , Alan L. Yuille

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has been widely adopted in large language models (LLMs) to reduce computation cost through model sparsity. Employing speculative decoding (SD) can further accelerate MoE inference by drafting…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Liangkun Chen , Zijian Wen , Tian Wu , Xiaoxi Zhang , Chuan Wu