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Pathology foundation models have shown strong retrospective performance, but whether such systems can support clinically relevant use remains unclear. This challenge is particularly important in breast cancer, where pathological assessment…

Foundation models are widely employed in medical image analysis, due to their high adaptability and generalizability for downstream tasks. With the increasing number of foundation models being released, model selection has become an…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-27 Fuping Wu , Bartlomiej W. Papiez

Foundation models, large-scale, pre-trained deep-learning models adapted to a wide range of downstream tasks have gained significant interest lately in various deep-learning problems undergoing a paradigm shift with the rise of these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Bobby Azad , Reza Azad , Sania Eskandari , Afshin Bozorgpour , Amirhossein Kazerouni , Islem Rekik , Dorit Merhof

Foundation models pretrained on large-scale datasets are revolutionizing the field of computational pathology (CPath). The generalization ability of foundation models is crucial for the success in various downstream clinical tasks. However,…

Artificial intelligence applied to retinal images offers significant potential for recognizing signs and symptoms of retinal conditions and expediting the diagnosis of eye diseases and systemic disorders. However, developing generalized…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-19 Boa Jang , Youngbin Ahn , Eun Kyung Choe , Chang Ki Yoon , Hyuk Jin Choi , Young-Gon Kim

Pathological assessment guides lung cancer diagnosis, treatment selection, and prognostic evaluation, yet current CPath approaches rely on task-specific models for isolated objectives. Although pan-cancer foundation models offer…

Recently, histopathology vision-language foundation models (VLMs) have gained popularity due to their enhanced performance and generalizability across different downstream tasks. However, most existing histopathology benchmarks are either…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-18 Roba Al Majzoub , Hashmat Malik , Muzammal Naseer , Zaigham Zaheer , Tariq Mahmood , Salman Khan , Fahad Khan

Vision foundation models trained on discretely sampled images achieve strong performance on classification benchmarks, yet whether their representations encode the continuous processes underlying their training data remains unclear. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Pritika Vig , Ren-Chin Wu , William Lotter

Pathology, the microscopic examination of diseased tissue, is critical for diagnosing various medical conditions, particularly cancers. Traditional methods are labor-intensive and prone to human error. Digital pathology, which converts…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-21 Dmitry Nechaev , Alexey Pchelnikov , Ekaterina Ivanova

Retinal blood vessel segmentation can extract clinically relevant information from fundus images. As manual tracing is cumbersome, algorithms based on Convolution Neural Networks have been developed. Such studies have used small publicly…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-24 Jeremiah Fadugba , Patrick Köhler , Lisa Koch , Petru Manescu , Philipp Berens

Foundation models have substantially advanced computational pathology by learning transferable visual representations from large histological datasets, yet their performance varies widely across tasks due to differences in training data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Wenhui Lei , Yusheng Tan , Anqi Li , Hanyu Chen , Hengrui Tian , Ruiying Li , Zhengqun Jiang , Fang Yan , Xiaofan Zhang , Shaoting Zhang

Foundation models (FMs) have emerged as a transformative paradigm in medical image analysis, offering the potential to provide generalizable, task-agnostic solutions across a wide range of clinical tasks and imaging modalities. Their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Karma Phuntsho , Abdullah , Kyungmi Lee , Ickjai Lee , Euijoon Ahn

Computational pathology has made significant progress in recent years, fueling advances in both fundamental disease understanding and clinically ready tools. This evolution is driven by the availability of large amounts of digitized slides…

Driven by the recent advances in deep learning methods and, in particular, by the development of modern self-supervised learning algorithms, increased interest and efforts have been devoted to build foundation models (FMs) for medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 kaiko. ai , Nanne Aben , Edwin D. de Jong , Ioannis Gatopoulos , Nicolas Känzig , Mikhail Karasikov , Axel Lagré , Roman Moser , Joost van Doorn , Fei Tang

Foundation models (FMs) are transforming computational pathology by offering new ways to analyze histopathology images. However, FMs typically require weeks of training on large databases, making their creation a resource-intensive process.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Till Nicke , Daniela Schacherer , Jan Raphael Schäfer , Natalia Artysh , Antje Prasse , André Homeyer , Andrea Schenk , Henning Höfener , Johannes Lotz

The abundance of information present in Whole Slide Images (WSIs) renders them an essential tool for survival analysis. Several Multiple Instance Learning frameworks proposed for this task utilize a ResNet50 backbone pre-trained on natural…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Kleanthis Marios Papadopoulos , Tania Stathaki

Background and objective: Cell-level pathological image analysis requires working with extremely small image patches (40x40 pixels), far below standard ImageNet resolutions. It remains unclear whether modern deep learning architectures and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Hiroki Kagiyama , Toru Nagasaka , Yukari Adachi , Takaaki Tachibana , Ryota Ito , Mitsugu Fujita , Kimihiro Yamashita , Yoshihiro Kakeji

Modern medicine generates vast multimodal data across siloed systems, yet no existing model integrates the full breadth and temporal depth of the clinical record into a unified patient representation. We introduce Apollo, a multimodal…

Medical foundation models, pre-trained with large-scale clinical data, demonstrate strong performance in diverse clinically relevant applications. RETFound, trained on nearly one million retinal images, exemplifies this approach in…

Musculoskeletal disorders represent a leading cause of global disability, creating an urgent demand for precise interpretation of medical imaging. Current artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in orthopedics predominantly rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Kang Yu , Dingyu Wang , Zimu Yuan , Nan Zhou , Jiajun Liu , Jiaxin Liu , Shanggui Liu , Yaoyan Zheng , Huishu Yuan , Di Huang , Dong Jiang