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The counterintuitive Mpemba effect, wherein a hotter system cools faster, critically lacks a general macroscopic theory. Here, starting from linear irreversible thermodynamics, we formulate a generalized Newton's cooling law,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-21 Yun-Qian Lin , Z. C. Tu , Yu-Han Ma

Anomalous thermal relaxation is ubiquitous in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. An emblematic example of this is the Mpemba effect, where an initially ``hot'' system cools faster than an initially ``cooler'' one. This effect has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-04 Ivan Medina , Oisín Culhane , Felix C. Binder , Gabriel T. Landi , John Goold

The Mpemba effect is a counter-intuitive phenomena in which a hot system reaches a cold temperature faster than a colder system, under otherwise identical conditions. Here we propose a quantum analog of the Mpemba effect, on the simplest…

Quantum Mpemba effect describes an anomalous phenomenon of accelerated relaxation which is of fundamental interest in the field of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Conventional theories on this phenomenon strongly rely on the Born-Markovian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-23 Ze-Zhou Zhang , Hong-Gang Luo , Wei Wu

Under certain conditions, it takes a shorter time to cool a hot system than to cool the same system initiated at a lower temperature. This phenomenon - the "Mpemba Effect" - is well known in water, and has recently been observed in other…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-09-28 Zhiyue Lu , Oren Raz

The quantum Mpemba effect is a phenomenon characterized by an exponential relaxation from a non-equililbrium state to a steady state. This effect was predicted with an analysis of the Liouvillian superoperator and experimentally…

The Mpemba effect refers to the anomalous relaxation of a quantum state that, despite being initially farther from equilibrium, relaxes faster than a closer counterpart. Detecting such a quantum Mpemba effect typically requires full…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-03 Pitambar Bagui , Arijit Chatterjee , Bijay Kumar Agarwalla

In classical thermodynamics, the Mpemba effect refers to the counterintuitive observation that hot water can freeze faster than cold water, manifesting as an anomalous crossing of dynamical trajectories. While analogues of this phenomenon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Zhilong Liu , Zehua Tian , Jieci Wang

Various exotic phenomena emerge in non-equilibrium quantum many-body systems. The Mpemba effect, denoting the situation where a hot system freezes faster than the colder one, is a counterintuitive non-equilibrium phenomenon that has…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-03-13 Wei-Xuan Chang , Shuai Yin , Shi-Xin Zhang , Zi-Xiang Li

Quantum thermalization in contemporary quantum devices, in particular quantum computers, has recently attracted significant theoretical interest. Unusual thermalization processes, such as the Quantum Mpemba Effect (QME), have been explored…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-05 Marc Espinosa Edo , Lian-Ao Wu

We generalize the classical thermal Mpemba effect (where an initially hot system relaxes faster to the final equilibrium state than a cold one) to open quantum systems coupled to several reservoirs. We show that, in general, two different…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-10-07 Andrea Nava , Reinhold Egger

We address two central open problems in the theory of anomalous Mpemba-like relaxations: their extension beyond one spatial dimension and their consistent formulation in the thermodynamic limit. Our framework is the antiferromagnetic Ising…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-13 Emilio Pomares , Víctor Martín-Mayor , Antonio Lasanta , Gabriel Álvarez

The quantum Mpemba effect (QME) is a phenomenon observed in many-body systems where initial systems configurations farther from equilibrium can be observed to equilibrate faster than configurations that are closer to it. By considering…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Matthew Mackinnon , Mauro Paternostro

The Mpemba effect refers to the surprising observation where, under certain conditions, a far-from-equilibrium state can relax toward equilibrium faster than a state closer to equilibrium. A paradigmatic example is provided by the curious…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Stefano Longhi

We investigate the quantum Mpemba effect from the perspective of non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics by studying relaxation dynamics of quantum systems coupled to a Markovian heat bath, which are described by Davies maps. Starting from a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 Mattia Moroder , Oisín Culhane , Krissia Zawadzki , John Goold

The Mpemba effect, where a state farther from equilibrium relaxes faster than one closer to it, is a striking phenomenon in both classical and quantum systems. In open quantum systems, however, the quantum Mpemba effect (QME) typically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Yaru Liu , Yucheng Wang

The Quantum Mpemba Effect (QME) is the quantum counterpart of the classical Mpemba effect--a counterintuitive phenomenon in which a system initially at a higher temperature relax to thermal eauilibrium faster than one at a lower…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-12 Zijun Wei , Mingdi Xu , Xiang-Ping Jiang , Haiping Hu , Lei Pan

The so-called Mpemba effect, i.e. the observation that the warmer of two otherwise identical systems cools faster when both are refrigerated in the same thermal reservoir, is a hotly debated topic in condensed mater physics and statistical…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-09-11 A. Gijón , A. Lasanta , E. R. Hernández

The Mpemba effect is a counterintuitive physical phenomenon where a hot system cools faster than a warm one. In recent years, theoretical analyses of the Mpemba effect have been developed for microscopic systems and experimentally verified.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-03-12 Tan Van Vu , Hisao Hayakawa

Slow relaxation processes spanning widely separated timescales pose fundamental challenges for probing steady-state properties and engineering functional quantum systems, such as quantum heat engines and quantum computing devices. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Ruicheng Bao , Zhonghuai Hou