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The propagation of the quantum states of light in dispersive and anisotropic media is a fundamental problem in quantum optics. We present a unified theoretical framework for the propagation of the quantum states of light in…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-14 Gyaprasad , Rajneesh Joshi

Metasurfaces with unparalleled controllability of light have shown great potential to revolutionize conventional optics. However, they mainly work with free-space light input, which makes it difficult for full on-chip integration. On the…

Optics · Physics 2022-11-11 Xuexue Guo , Yimin Ding , Xi Chen , Yao Duan , Xingjie Ni

The combination of photonic integrated circuits and free-space meta-optics has the ability to unclasp technological knots that require advanced light manipulation due their conjoined ability to guide and shape electromagnetic waves. The…

Interferometers and beam splitters are fundamental building blocks for photonic neuromorphic and quantum computing machinery. In waveguide-based photonic integrated circuits, beam-splitting is achieved with directional couplers that rely on…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-06-10 Yandong Li , Minwoo Jung , Yang Yu , Yuchen Han , Baile Zhang , Gennady Shvets

Nematic liquid-crystal devices are a powerful tool to structure light in different degrees of freedom, both in classical and quantum regimes. Most of these devices exploit either the possibility of introducing a position-dependent phase…

Nonlinear metasurfaces with subwavelength thickness were recently established as versatile platforms for the enhanced and tailorable generation of entangled photon pairs. The small dimensions and inherent stability of integrated metasurface…

Metamaterials are artificially created media, which allow introducing additional degrees of freedom into electromagnetic design by controlling constitutive material parameters. Reconfigurable time-dependent metamaterials can further enlarge…

Metasurfaces and photonic crystals have revolutionized classical and quantum manipulation of light, and opened the door to studying various optical singularities related to phases and polarization states. However, traditional nanophotonic…

Metasurface research has shown significant potential for controlling the polarization, amplitude, phase and propagation direction of light. Nevertheless, control over the angular response of incident light still remains a long-standing…

High-dimensional light field modulation demands precise control over multiple optical parameters, a capability critical for next-generation photonic systems. While liquid crystals offer inherent advantages in dynamic birefringence tuning,…

Optics · Physics 2025-04-22 Tian Xia , Quanzhou Long , Wanlong Zhang , Zhenwei Xie , Xiaocong Yuan

Liquid crystals, with their ability of self-assembly, strong response to the electric field, and integrability into complex systems, are key materials in light beam manipulation. Recently discovered ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals…

Subwavelength planar structured interfaces, also known as metasurfaces, are ultra-thin optical elements modulating the amplitude, phase, and polarization of incident light using nanostructures called meta-atoms. The optical properties of…

Optics · Physics 2023-02-01 Saeed Hemayat , Liyi Hsu , Jeongho Ha , Abdoulaye Ndao

In the latest years the optical engineer's toolbox has welcomed a new concept, the metasurface. In a metasurface, properly tailored material inclusions are able to reshape the electromagnetic field of an incident beam. Change of amplitude,…

Optical metamaterials and metasurfaces which emerged in the course of the last few decades have revolutionized our understanding of light and light-matter interaction. While solid materials are naturally employed as key building elements…

Optics · Physics 2019-12-16 Shimon Rubin , Yeshaiahu Fainman

Scaling-up optical quantum technologies requires to combine highly efficient multi-photon sources and integrated waveguide components. Here, we interface these scalable platforms: a quantum dot based multi-photon source and a reconfigurable…

A beam splitter (BS) is one of the most critical building blocks in optical systems. Despite various attempts of flat-type BSs to miniaturize the conventional cube BS reported, it remains a challenge to realize an ultrathin optical BS with…

Optics · Physics 2023-10-16 Tian Tian , Yuxuan Liao , Xue Feng , Kaiyu Cui , Fang Liu , Wei Zhang , Yidong Huang

We present experimental results demonstrating the quantum interference of two photons distinguishable in their transverse momenta, each entering the input ports of a balanced beam splitter. This counterintuitive interference effect is made…

Gradient metasurfaces have been extensively applied in recent years for enabling an unprecedented control of light beam over thin optical components. However, these metasurfaces suffer from low efficiency when it comes to bending light with…

Optics · Physics 2020-10-22 Tie-Jun Huang , Li-Zheng Yin , Jin Zhao , Chao-Hai Du , Pu-Kun Liu

Tunable dielectric meta-surface nanostructures offer incredible performance in optical application due to their extraordinary tunability of the polarization and engineering the dispersion of light with low loss in infrared range. In this…

Optics · Physics 2022-01-19 Golsa Mirbagheri , David T. Crouse

We present detailed analytical modelling and in-depth investigation of wide-angle reflect-mode metagrating beam splitters. These recently introduced ultrathin devices are capable of implementing intricate diffraction engineering…

Applied Physics · Physics 2017-11-29 Ariel Epstein , Oshri Rabinovich