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Despite the recent advancement in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems, most retrieval methodologies are often developed for factual retrieval, which assumes query and positive documents are semantically similar. In this paper, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Luo Ji , Feixiang Guo , Teng Chen , Qingqing Gu , Xiaoyu Wang , Ningyuan Xi , Yihong Wang , Peng Yu , Yue Zhao , Hongyang Lei , Zhonglin Jiang , Yong Chen

This paper presents first successful steps in designing search agents that learn meta-strategies for iterative query refinement in information-seeking tasks. Our approach uses machine reading to guide the selection of refinement terms from…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to access external knowledge sources, but the effectiveness of RAG relies on the coordination between the retriever and the generator. Since these components are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Junlin Wang , Zehao Wu , Shaowei Lu , Yanlan Li , Xinghao Huang

Large language models (LLMs) are incredible and versatile tools for text-based tasks that have enabled countless, previously unimaginable, applications. Retrieval models, in contrast, have not yet seen such capable general-purpose models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Julian Killingback , Hamed Zamani

Recent advancements in Large Language Models(LLMs) have demonstrated their capabilities not only in reasoning but also in invoking external tools, particularly search engines. However, teaching models to discern when to invoke search and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Zeyang Sha , Shiwen Cui , Weiqiang Wang

Search agents powered by large language models can autonomously decompose queries, retrieve information, and synthesize answers through multi-step reasoning. However, the rapid growth of training methods has outpaced controlled comparison:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yibo Zhao , Zichen Ding , Jiayi Wu , Zun Wang , Xiang Li

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances the text generation capabilities of large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge and up-to-date information. However, traditional RAG systems are limited by static workflows…

Streaming services have reshaped how we discover and engage with digital entertainment. Despite these advancements, effectively understanding the wide spectrum of user search queries continues to pose a significant challenge. An accurate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Farnoosh Javadi , Phanideep Gampa , Alyssa Woo , Xingxing Geng , Hang Zhang , Jose Sepulveda , Belhassen Bayar , Fei Wang

Systematic reviews require the use of rigorously designed search strategies to ensure both comprehensive retrieval and minimization of bias. Conventional manual approaches, although methodologically systematic, are resource-intensive and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fatima Nasser , Fouad Trad , Ammar Mohanna , Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan , Ali Chehab

Effective decision-making in Large Language Models (LLMs) is essential for handling intricate tasks. However, existing approaches prioritize performance but often overlook the balance between effectiveness and computational cost. To address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiawei Gu , Shangsong Liang

Equipping large language models (LLMs) with search engines via reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as an effective approach for building search agents. However, overreliance on search introduces unnecessary cost and risks exposure to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Tzu-Han Lin , Wei-Lin Chen , Chen-An Li , Hung-yi Lee , Yun-Nung Chen , Yu Meng

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to significant breakthroughs in various natural language processing tasks. However, generating factually consistent responses in knowledge-intensive scenarios remains a challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Shengbin Yue , Siyuan Wang , Wei Chen , Xuanjing Huang , Zhongyu Wei

Recent years have seen considerable advancements in multi-step reasoning with Large Language Models (LLMs). The previous studies have elucidated the merits of integrating feedback or search mechanisms during model inference to improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Qianli Ma , Haotian Zhou , Tingkai Liu , Jianbo Yuan , Pengfei Liu , Yang You , Hongxia Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of text-generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with problems requiring multi-step decision-making and environmental feedback, such as online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhenfang Chen , Delin Chen , Rui Sun , Wenjun Liu , Chuang Gan

Recent deep research agents primarily improve performance by scaling reasoning depth, but this leads to high inference cost and latency in search-intensive scenarios. Moreover, generalization across heterogeneous research settings remains…

Information retrieval systems are crucial for enabling effective access to large document collections. Recent approaches have leveraged Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance retrieval performance through query augmentation, but often rely…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Pengcheng Jiang , Jiacheng Lin , Lang Cao , Runchu Tian , SeongKu Kang , Zifeng Wang , Jimeng Sun , Jiawei Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to hallucination, especially during multi-hop and reasoning-intensive tasks such as mathematical problem solving. While Outcome Reward Models verify only final answers, Process Reward Models (PRMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Tej Deep Pala , Panshul Sharma , Amir Zadeh , Chuan Li , Soujanya Poria

Reward-guided search methods have demonstrated strong potential in enhancing tool-using agents by effectively guiding sampling and exploration over complex action spaces. As a core design, those search methods utilize process reward models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Dawei Li , Yuguang Yao , Zhen Tan , Huan Liu , Ruocheng Guo

While Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve near-human performance on standard benchmarks, their capabilities often fail to generalize to complex, real-world problems. To bridge this gap, we introduce DeepQuestion, a scalable, automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ali Khoramfar , Ali Ramezani , Mohammad Mahdi Mohajeri , Mohammad Javad Dousti , Majid Nili Ahmadabadi , Heshaam Faili