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Quantum computation is inherently hybrid, and fast classical manipulation of qubit operators is necessary to ensure scalability in quantum software. We introduce PauliEngine, a high-performance C++ framework that provides efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Leon Müller , Adelina Bärligea , Alexander Knapp , Jakob S. Kottmann

Variational quantum algorithms (VQA) based on Hamiltonian simulation represent a specialized class of quantum programs well-suited for near-term quantum computing applications due to its modest resource requirements in terms of qubits and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Zhaohui Yang , Dawei Ding , Chenghong Zhu , Jianxin Chen , Yuan Xie

Pauli-based computation (PBC) is driven by a sequence of adaptively chosen, non-destructive measurements of Pauli observables. Any quantum circuit written in terms of the Clifford+$T$ gate set and having $t$ $T$ gates can be compiled into a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-04 Filipa C. R. Peres , Ernesto F. Galvão

Processing large Pauli sums is a significant bottleneck in quantum chemistry, Pauli propagation, and Pauli-based compilation. Existing frameworks often suffer from Python interpreter overhead or utilize hash-map data structures that hinder…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Florian Krötz

This paper presents the Pauli-based Circuit Optimization, Analysis, and Synthesis Toolchain (PCOAST), a framework for quantum circuit optimizations based on the commutative properties of Pauli strings. Prior work has demonstrated that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-25 Jennifer Paykin , Albert T. Schmitz , Mohannad Ibrahim , Xin-Chuan Wu , A. Y. Matsuura

The Pauli strings appearing in the decomposition of an operator can be can be grouped into commuting families, reducing the number of quantum circuits needed to measure the expectation value of the operator. We detail an algorithm to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-31 Ben Reggio , Nouman Butt , Andrew Lytle , Patrick Draper

Pauli matrices and Pauli strings are widely used in quantum computing. These mathematical objects are useful to describe or manipulate the quantum state of qubits. They offer a convenient basis to express operators and observables used in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-30 Maxime Dion , Tania Belabbas , Nolan Bastien

We propose a new quantum computing formalism named Pauli quantum computing. In this formalism, we use the Pauli basis $I$ and $X$ on the non-diagonal blocks of density matrices to encode information and treat them as the computational basis…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-05 Zhong-Xia Shang

Probabilistic computing is an emerging quantum-inspired computing paradigm capable of solving combinatorial optimization and various other classes of computationally hard problems. In this work, we present pc-COP, an efficient and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Kiran Magar , Shreya Bharathan , Utsav Banerjee

We present a software library for the commutation of Pauli operators through quantum Clifford circuits, which is called Pauli tracking. Tracking Pauli operators allows one to reduce the number of Pauli gates that must be executed on quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-22 Jannis Ruh , Simon Devitt

We introduce a simple algorithm that efficiently computes tensor products of Pauli matrices. This is done by tailoring the calculations to this specific case, which allows to avoid unnecessary calculations. The strength of this strategy is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-20 Sebastián V. Romero , Juan Santos-Suárez

Pauli Correlation Encoding (PCE) is as a qubit-efficient variational approach to combinatorial optimization problems. The method offers a polynomial reduction in qubit count and a super-polynomial suppression of barren plateaus. Here, we…

Recommendation systems, social network analysis, medical imaging, and data mining often involve processing sparse high-dimensional data. Such high-dimensional data are naturally represented as tensors, and they cannot be efficiently…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Weiyun Jiang , Kaiqi Zhang , Colin Yu Lin , Feng Xing , Zheng Zhang

We show that a classical algorithm based on sparse Pauli dynamics can efficiently simulate quantum circuits studied in a recent experiment on 127 qubits of IBM's Eagle processor [Nature 618, 500 (2023)]. Our classical simulations on a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-29 Tomislav Begušić , Garnet Kin-Lic Chan

The decomposition of a square matrix into a sum of Pauli strings is a classical pre-processing step required to realize many quantum algorithms. Such a decomposition requires significant computational resources for large matrices. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 Timothy N. Georges , Bjorn K. Berntson , Christoph Sünderhauf , Aleksei V. Ivanov

Decomposing a matrix into a weighted sum of Pauli strings is a common chore of the quantum computer scientist, whom is not easily discouraged by exponential scaling. But beware, a naive decomposition can be cubically more expensive than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-31 Tyson Jones

We present an abstract model of quantum computation, the "Pauli Fusion" model, whose primitive operations correspond closely to generators of the ZX calculus (a formal graphical language for quantum computing). The fundamental operations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-04 Niel de Beaudrap , Ross Duncan , Dominic Horsman , Simon Perdrix

Specialized accelerators provide gains of performance and efficiency in specific domains of applications. Sparse data structures or/and representations exist in a wide range of applications. However, it is challenging to design accelerators…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Linghao Song , Yuze Chi , Jason Cong

Analysis of quantum processes, especially in the context of noise, errors, and decoherence is essential for the improvement of quantum devices. An intuitive representation of those processes modeled by quantum channels are Pauli transfer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-25 Lukas Hantzko , Lennart Binkowski , Sabhyata Gupta

In the multicore era, the time to computational results is increasingly determined by how quickly operands are accessed by cores, rather than by the speed of computation per operand. From high-performance computing (HPC) to mobile…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-03-21 Albert Wegener
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