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Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically aligned for safety during the post-training phase; however, they may still generate inappropriate outputs that could potentially pose risks to users. This challenge underscores the need for robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Mahesh Kumar Nandwana , Youngwan Lim , Joseph Liu , Alex Yang , Varun Notibala , Nishchaie Khanna

Understanding social interaction in video requires reasoning over a dynamic interplay of verbal and non-verbal cues: who is speaking, to whom, and with what gaze or gestures. While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are natural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Liangyang Ouyang , Yifei Huang , Mingfang Zhang , Caixin Kang , Ryosuke Furuta , Yoichi Sato

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in artificial intelligence by facilitating integrated understanding across diverse modalities, including text, images, video, audio, and speech. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Chengze Jiang , Zhuangzhuang Wang , Minjing Dong , Jie Gui

Large Language Models (LLMs) are democratizing access to personalized tutoring; however, their effectiveness is hindered by challenges in processing multimodal content, which limits AI's potential to provide equitable, high-quality STEM…

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate outstanding performance in their reservoir of knowledge and understanding capabilities, but they have also been shown to be prone to illegal or unethical reactions when subjected to jailbreak…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Fengxiang Wang , Ranjie Duan , Peng Xiao , Xiaojun Jia , Shiji Zhao , Cheng Wei , YueFeng Chen , Chongwen Wang , Jialing Tao , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Hui Xue

As Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) develop, their potential security issues have become increasingly prominent. Machine Unlearning (MU), as an effective strategy for forgetting specific knowledge in training data, has been widely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Junkai Chen , Zhijie Deng , Kening Zheng , Yibo Yan , Shuliang Liu , PeiJun Wu , Peijie Jiang , Jia Liu , Xuming Hu

The deployment of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has demonstrated remarkable success in engaging in conversations involving visual inputs, thanks to the superior power of large language models (LLMs). Those MLLMs are typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Jiahui Gao , Renjie Pi , Tianyang Han , Han Wu , Lanqing Hong , Lingpeng Kong , Xin Jiang , Zhenguo Li

Safety alignment is critical for deploying large language models (LLMs) in real-world applications, yet most existing approaches rely on large human-annotated datasets and static red-teaming benchmarks that are costly, difficult to scale,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Punyajoy Saha , Sudipta Halder , Debjyoti Mondal , Subhadarshi Panda

Although large language models (LLMs) achieve effective safety alignment at the time of release, they still face various safety challenges. A key issue is that fine-tuning often compromises the safety alignment of LLMs. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Di Wu , Xin Lu , Yanyan Zhao , Bing Qin

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various natural language processing tasks but remain vulnerable to generating harmful content or being exploited for malicious purposes. Although safety alignment datasets have been introduced to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Xiaorui Wu , Xiaofeng Mao , Fei Li , Xin Zhang , Xuanhong Li , Chong Teng , Donghong Ji , Zhuang Li

Existing training-time safety alignment techniques for large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. Direct preference optimization (DPO), a widely deployed alignment method, exhibits limitations in both experimental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Xuandong Zhao , Will Cai , Tianneng Shi , David Huang , Licong Lin , Song Mei , Dawn Song

Large audio-language models (LALMs) extend text-based LLMs with auditory understanding, offering new opportunities for multimodal applications. While their perception, reasoning, and task performance have been widely studied, their safety…

Safety alignment is an essential research topic for real-world AI applications. Despite the multifaceted nature of safety and trustworthiness in AI, current safety alignment methods often focus on a comprehensive notion of safety. By…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Thien Q. Tran , Akifumi Wachi , Rei Sato , Takumi Tanabe , Youhei Akimoto

With the rapid advancement of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), several diagnostic benchmarks have recently been developed to assess these models' multi-modal reasoning proficiency. However, these benchmarks are restricted to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Sanjoy Chowdhury , Sayan Nag , Subhrajyoti Dasgupta , Yaoting Wang , Mohamed Elhoseiny , Ruohan Gao , Dinesh Manocha

Generating natural and meaningful responses to communicate with multi-modal human inputs is a fundamental capability of Large Vision-Language Models(LVLMs). While current open-source LVLMs demonstrate promising performance in simplified…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Ziyu Liu , Tao Chu , Yuhang Zang , Xilin Wei , Xiaoyi Dong , Pan Zhang , Zijian Liang , Yuanjun Xiong , Yu Qiao , Dahua Lin , Jiaqi Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are typically aligned to refuse harmful instructions through safety fine-tuning. A recent attack, termed abliteration, identifies and suppresses the single latent direction most responsible for refusal behavior,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Harethah Abu Shairah , Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud , Bernard Ghanem , George Turkiyyah

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks. However, their deployment in safety-critical domains poses significant challenges. Existing safety fine-tuning methods, which focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Yi Ding , Lijun Li , Bing Cao , Jing Shao

The growing safety concerns surrounding large language models raise an urgent need to align them with diverse human preferences to simultaneously enhance their helpfulness and safety. A promising approach is to enforce safety constraints…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Xinmeng Huang , Shuo Li , Edgar Dobriban , Osbert Bastani , Hamed Hassani , Dongsheng Ding

Many studies have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) can produce harmful responses, exposing users to unexpected risks when LLMs are deployed. Previous studies have proposed comprehensive taxonomies of the risks posed by LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Yuxia Wang , Zenan Zhai , Haonan Li , Xudong Han , Lizhi Lin , Zhenxuan Zhang , Jingru Zhao , Preslav Nakov , Timothy Baldwin

As large language models (LLMs) become integral to various applications, ensuring both their safety and utility is paramount. Jailbreak attacks, which manipulate LLMs into generating harmful content, pose significant challenges to this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Yiting Dong , Xiang He , Yi Zeng
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