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Nowadays, weather prediction is based on numerical weather prediction (NWP) models to produce an ensemble of forecasts. Despite of large improvements over the last few decades, they still tend to exhibit systematic bias and dispersion…

Applications · Statistics 2024-02-02 David Jobst , Annette Möller , Jürgen Groß

The use of machine learning (ML) models in meteorology has attracted significant attention for their potential to improve weather forecasting efficiency and accuracy. GraphCast and NeuralGCM, two promising ML-based weather models, are at…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-11-25 Xiaoxu Tian , Daniel Holdaway , Daryl Kleist

Tropical Cyclones (TCs) are counted among the most destructive phenomena that can be found in nature. Every year, globally an average of 90 TCs occur over tropical waters, and global warming is making them stronger, larger and more…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Gabriele Accarino , Davide Donno , Francesco Immorlano , Donatello Elia , Giovanni Aloisio

The climate version Eta CCS, prepared from the NCEP Eta forecast model, was integrated over South America for the period from January 1979 to December 1983. The model was driven by the two sets of boundary conditions derived from the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2009-01-13 I. A. Pisnichenko , T. A. Tarasova

Changing climate conditions threaten the natural permafrost thaw-freeze cycle, leading to year-round soil temperatures above 0{\deg}C. In Alaska, the warming of the topmost permafrost layer, known as the active layer, signals elevated…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Addina Rahaman

Understanding seasonal climatic conditions is critical for better management of resources such as water, energy and agriculture. Recently, there has been a great interest in utilizing the power of artificial intelligence methods in climate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Alper Unal , Busra Asan , Ismail Sezen , Bugra Yesilkaynak , Yusuf Aydin , Mehmet Ilicak , Gozde Unal

Near-surface air temperature is a key physical property of the Earth's surface. Although weather stations offer continuous monitoring and satellites provide broad spatial coverage, no single data source offers seamless data in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Shengjie Kris Liu , Siqin Wang , Lu Zhang

With a warming planet, tropical regions are expected to experience the brunt of climate change, with more intense and more volatile rainfall events. Currently, state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are known to struggle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Indrajit Kalita , Lucia Vilallonga , Yves Atchade

Wind energy resource assessment typically requires numerical models, but such models are too computationally intensive to consider multi-year timescales. Increasingly, unsupervised machine learning techniques are used to identify a small…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-14 Mariana C A Clare , Simon C Warder , Robert Neal , B Bhaskaran , Matthew D Piggott

The Arctic has warmed dramatically compared to the global average over the last few decades. During this same period, there have been strong cooling trends observed in the wintertime, near-surface air temperature over central Eurasia, a…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2019-11-20 Stephen Outten , Richard Davy , Linling Chen

Model errors are increasingly seen as a fundamental performance limiter in both Numerical Weather Prediction and Climate Prediction simulations run with state of the art Earth system digital twins.This has motivated recent efforts aimed at…

Applications · Statistics 2021-09-22 Massimo Bonavita

In the face of escalating climate changes, typhoon intensities and their ensuing damage have surged. Accurate trajectory prediction is crucial for effective damage control. Traditional physics-based models, while comprehensive, are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Young-Jae Park , Minseok Seo , Doyi Kim , Hyeri Kim , Sanghoon Choi , Beomkyu Choi , Jeongwon Ryu , Sohee Son , Hae-Gon Jeon , Yeji Choi

Accurate estimation of daily rainfall return levels associated with large return periods is needed for a number of hydrological planning purposes, including protective infrastructure, dams, and retention basins. This is especially relevant…

In this study we compare the representation of the southern hemisphere midlatitude winter variability in the NCEP-NCAR and ERA40 reanalyses. We use the classical Hayashi spectral technique, recently applied to compare the description of the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 A. Dell'Aquila , P. M. Ruti , S. Calmanti , V. Lucarini

Turbulence is a phenomena that is {\it locally} and statistically characterized by measurements, but it is caused by {\it nonlocal} energy cascades associated with the environment. The presence of turbulence coincides with fluctuations in…

Optics · Physics 2026-05-11 Arial Tolentino , Markus Petters , Luat T. Vuong

The regional climate model prepared from Eta WS forecast model has been integrated over South America with the horizontal resolution of 40 km for the period of 1960-1990. The model was forced at its lateral boundaries by the outputs of…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2007-11-27 I. A. Pisnichenko , T. A. Tarasova

Most operational climate services providers base their seasonal predictions on initialised general circulation models (GCMs) or statistical techniques that fit past observations. GCMs require substantial computational resources, which…

Total column water vapor is an important factor for the weather and climate. This study apply deep learning based multiple regression to map the TCWV with elements that can improve spatiotemporal prediction. In this study, we predict the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-18 Daouda Diouf , Awa Niang , Sylvie Thiria

The increasing frequency of extreme temperature events, such as daily maximum temperature ($T_x$) records, underscores the need for robust tools to understand their drivers and predict their occurrence. Previous studies have identified…

Precipitation nowcasting -- the short-term prediction of rainfall using recent radar observations -- is critical for weather-sensitive sectors such as transportation, agriculture, and disaster mitigation. While recent deep learning models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Peter Pavlík , Marc Schleiss , Anna Bou Ezzeddine , Viera Rozinajová