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Multilingual large language models (LLMs) are advancing rapidly, with new models frequently claiming support for an increasing number of languages. However, existing evaluation datasets are limited and lack cross-lingual alignment, leaving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Wenhan Han , Yifan Zhang , Zhixun Chen , Binbin Liu , Haobin Lin , Bingni Zhang , Taifeng Wang , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Meng Fang , Yin Zheng

The necessity of language-specific tokenizers intuitively appears crucial for effective natural language processing, yet empirical analyses on their significance and underlying reasons are lacking. This study explores how language-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Jean Seo , Jaeyoon Kim , SungJoo Byun , Hyopil Shin

Despite rapid adoption of autoregressive large language models, smaller text encoders still play an important role in text understanding tasks that require rich contextualized representations. Negation is an important semantic function that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Thinh Hung Truong , Karin Verspoor , Trevor Cohn , Timothy Baldwin

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into legal workflows. However, existing benchmarks primarily address proxy tasks, such as bar examination performance or classification, which fail to capture the performance and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Haesung Lee , Gyubin Choi , Eun-Ju Lee , So-Min Lee , Youkang Ko , Dogyoon Lim , Sung-Kyoung Jang , Yohan Jo

The Bias Benchmark for Question Answering (BBQ) is designed to evaluate social biases of language models (LMs), but it is not simple to adapt this benchmark to cultural contexts other than the US because social biases depend heavily on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Jiho Jin , Jiseon Kim , Nayeon Lee , Haneul Yoo , Alice Oh , Hwaran Lee

With their increasing size, large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly good at language understanding tasks. But even with high performance on specific downstream task, LLMs fail at simple linguistic tests for negation or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Akshat Gupta

Recent developments in Japanese large language models (LLMs) primarily focus on general domains, with fewer advancements in Japanese biomedical LLMs. One obstacle is the absence of a comprehensive, large-scale benchmark for comparison.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Junfeng Jiang , Jiahao Huang , Akiko Aizawa

The field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has seen significant advancements with the development of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, much of this research remains focused on English, often overlooking low-resource languages like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Anh-Dung Vo , Minseong Jung , Wonbeen Lee , Daewoo Choi

In this work, we measure the impact of affixal negation on modern English large language models (LLMs). In affixal negation, the negated meaning is expressed through a negative morpheme, which is potentially challenging for LLMs as their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Thinh Hung Truong , Yulia Otmakhova , Karin Verspoor , Trevor Cohn , Timothy Baldwin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced financial automation through Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), yet hallucinations remain a critical barrier to deployment in high-stakes environments. Existing benchmarks focus on single-turn,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Eunbyeol Cho , Yunseung Lee , Mirae Kim , Jeewon Yang , Youngjun Kwak , Edward Choi

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that they can answer questions requiring complex reasoning. However, their ability to identify and respond to text containing logical fallacies or deliberately misleading premises…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Zenan Zhai , Hao Li , Xudong Han , Zhenxuan Zhang , Yixuan Zhang , Timothy Baldwin , Haonan Li

Large language models (LLMs) use pretraining to predict the subsequent word; however, their expansion requires significant computing resources. Numerous big tech companies and research institutes have developed multilingual LLMs (MLLMs) to…

Negation is a fundamental aspect of human communication, yet it remains a challenge for Language Models (LMs) in Information Retrieval (IR). Despite the heavy reliance of modern neural IR systems on LMs, little attention has been given to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Coen van den Elsen , Francien Barkhof , Thijmen Nijdam , Simon Lupart , Mohammad Aliannejadi

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning and self-correction abilities in high-resource languages like English, but their performance remains limited in low-resource languages such as Korean. In this study, we investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Hongjin Kim , Jaewook Lee , Kiyoung Lee , Jong-hun Shin , Soojong Lim , Oh-Woog Kwon

This paper introduces Thunder-Tok, a new Korean tokenizer designed to reduce token fertility without compromising model performance. Our approach uses a rule-based pre-tokenization method that aligns with the linguistic structure of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Gyeongje Cho , Yeonkyoun So , Chanwoo Park , Sangmin Lee , Sungmok Jung , Jaejin Lee

Benchmarks play a significant role in the current evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet they often overlook the models' abilities to capture the nuances of human language, primarily focusing on evaluating embedded knowledge and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Dojun Park , Jiwoo Lee , Hyeyun Jeong , Seohyun Park , Sungeun Lee

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely used for relevance assessment in information retrieval. However, our study demonstrates that combining two distinct small language models (SLMs) with different architectures can outperform LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Ohjoon Kwon , Changsu Lee , Jihye Back , Lim Sun Suk , Inho Kang , Donghyeon Jeon

The evaluation of large language models (LLMs) has drawn substantial attention in the field recently. This work focuses on evaluating LLMs in a Chinese context, specifically, for Traditional Chinese which has been largely underrepresented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Po-Heng Chen , Sijia Cheng , Wei-Lin Chen , Yen-Ting Lin , Yun-Nung Chen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have exhibited remarkable advancements in integrating different modalities, excelling in complex understanding and generation tasks. Despite their success, MLLMs remain vulnerable to conversational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Bin Zhu , Yinxuan Gui , Huiyan Qi , Jingjing Chen , Chong-Wah Ngo , Ee-Peng Lim

Negation is a common linguistic feature that is crucial in many language understanding tasks, yet it remains a hard problem due to diversity in its expression in different types of text. Recent work has shown that state-of-the-art NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Thinh Hung Truong , Timothy Baldwin , Trevor Cohn , Karin Verspoor