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Infrastructure sensors installed at elevated positions offer a broader perception range and encounter fewer occlusions. Integrating both infrastructure and ego-vehicle data through V2X communication, known as vehicle-infrastructure…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Jiaru Zhong , Haibao Yu , Tianyi Zhu , Jiahui Xu , Wenxian Yang , Zaiqing Nie , Chao Sun

Diffusion models have emerged as a formidable tool for training-free conditional generation.However, a key hurdle in inference-time guidance techniques is the need for compute-heavy backpropagation through the diffusion network for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Nithin Gopalakrishnan Nair , Vishal M Patel

Diffusion models have gained attention for their ability to represent complex distributions and incorporate uncertainty, making them ideal for robust predictions in the presence of noisy or incomplete data. In this study, we develop and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yilin Zhuang , Sibo Cheng , Karthik Duraisamy

Diffusion models have gained prominence as state-of-the-art techniques for synthesizing images and videos, particularly due to their ability to scale effectively with large datasets. Recent studies have uncovered that these extensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Dat Nguyen Cong , Hieu Tran Bao , Hoang Thanh-Tung

Infrared imagery enables temperature-based scene understanding using passive sensors, particularly under conditions of low visibility where traditional RGB imaging fails. Yet, developing downstream vision models for infrared applications is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Kai A. Horstmann , Maxim Clouser , Kia Khezeli

Safety-critical traffic scenarios are integral to the development and validation of autonomous driving systems. These scenarios provide crucial insights into vehicle responses under high-risk conditions rarely encountered in real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jinxiong Lu , Shoaib Azam , Gokhan Alcan , Ville Kyrki

Predicting pedestrian motion trajectories is critical for the path planning and motion control of autonomous vehicles. Recent diffusion-based models have shown promising results in capturing the inherent stochasticity of pedestrian behavior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yu Liu , Zhijie Liu , Xiao Ren , You-Fu Li , He Kong

Generating safe and reliable trajectories for autonomous vehicles in long-tail scenarios remains a significant challenge, particularly for high-lateral-acceleration maneuvers such as sharp turns, which represent critical safety situations.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Xuemei Yao , Xiao Yang , Jianbin Sun , Liuwei Xie , Xuebin Shao , Xiyu Fang , Hang Su , Kewei Yang

Guiding unconditional diffusion models typically requires either retraining with conditional inputs or per-step gradient computations (e.g., classifier-based guidance), both of which incur substantial computational overhead. We present a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Qingsong Wang , Mikhail Belkin , Yusu Wang

In the recent development of conditional diffusion models still require heavy supervised fine-tuning for performing control on a category of tasks. Training-free conditioning via guidance with off-the-shelf models is a favorable alternative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Christian Simon , Masato Ishii , Akio Hayakawa , Zhi Zhong , Shusuke Takahashi , Takashi Shibuya , Yuki Mitsufuji

Diffusion models have demonstrated strong performance in time series forecasting, yet often suffer from semantic misalignment between generated trajectories and conditioning covariates, especially under complex or multimodal conditions. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Rui Ding , Hanyang Meng , Zeyang Zhang , Jielong Yang

Traffic speed prediction is significant for intelligent navigation and congestion alleviation. However, making accurate predictions is challenging due to three factors: 1) traffic diffusion, i.e., the spatial and temporal causality existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Yi Rong , Yingchi Mao , Yinqiu Liu , Ling Chen , Xiaoming He , Dusit Niyato

The application of reinforcement learning in traffic signal control (TSC) has been extensively researched and yielded notable achievements. However, most existing works for TSC assume that traffic data from all surrounding intersections is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-01 Hanyang Chen , Yang Jiang , Shengnan Guo , Xiaowei Mao , Youfang Lin , Huaiyu Wan

Spatial time series imputation is critically important to many real applications such as intelligent transportation and air quality monitoring. Although recent transformer and diffusion model based approaches have achieved significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Shunyang Zhang , Senzhang Wang , Xianzhen Tan , Ruochen Liu , Jian Zhang , Jianxin Wang

Rapid urbanization demands accurate and efficient monitoring of turbulent wind patterns to support air quality, climate resilience and infrastructure design. Traditional sparse reconstruction and sensor placement strategies face major…

Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) describe dynamical systems where deterministic flows, governed by a drift function, are superimposed with random fluctuations, dictated by a diffusion function. The accurate estimation (or discovery)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Patrick Seifner , Kostadin Cvejoski , David Berghaus , Cesar Ojeda , Ramses J. Sanchez

Diffusion-based models have recently shown strong performance in trajectory planning, as they are capable of capturing diverse, multimodal distributions of complex behaviors. A key limitation of these models is their slow inference speed,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Grayson Lee , Minh Bui , Shuzi Zhou , Yankai Li , Mo Chen , Ke Li

Data imputation and data generation have important applications for many domains, like healthcare and finance, where incomplete or missing data can hinder accurate analysis and decision-making. Diffusion models have emerged as powerful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Mario Villaizán-Vallelado , Matteo Salvatori , Carlos Segura , Ioannis Arapakis

Traffic flow estimation (TFE) is crucial for intelligent transportation systems. Traditional TFE methods rely on extensive road sensor networks and typically incur significant costs. Sparse mobile crowdsensing enables a cost-effective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Jianzhe Xue , Yunting Xu , Dongcheng Yuan , Caoyi Zha , Hongyang Du , Haibo Zhou , Dusit Niyato

Machine learning-based intrusion detection systems deployed in real-world environments frequently suffer from model degradation due to concept drift, where changes in traffic patterns invalidate training assumptions. To address this, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Seth Barrett , Lin Li , Gokila Dorai , Swarnamugi Rajaganapathy