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There has been a growing trend in employing generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) techniques to support learning. Moreover, scholars have reached a consensus on the critical role of self-regulated learning (SRL) in ensuring learning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jie Gao , Shasha Li , Jianhua Zhang , Shan Li , Tingting Wang

Reflection is a critical aspect of the learning process. However, educational games tend to focus on supporting learning concepts rather than supporting reflection. While reflection occurs in educational games, the educational game design…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Jennifer Villareale , Colan F. Biemer , Magy Seif El-Nasr , Jichen Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated considerable reasoning abilities in various tasks such as mathematics and coding. However, recent studies indicate that even the best models lack true comprehension of their reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Pinzheng Wang , Juntao Li , Zecheng Tang , Haijia Gui , Min zhang

Self-play, a learning paradigm where agents iteratively refine their policies by interacting with historical or concurrent versions of themselves or other evolving agents, has shown remarkable success in solving complex non-cooperative…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ruize Zhang , Zelai Xu , Chengdong Ma , Chao Yu , Wei-Wei Tu , Wenhao Tang , Shiyu Huang , Deheng Ye , Wenbo Ding , Yaodong Yang , Yu Wang

Robotics education fosters computational thinking, creativity, and problem-solving, but remains challenging due to technical complexity. Game-based learning (GBL) and gamification offer engagement benefits, yet their comparative impact…

The expansion of large-scale online education platforms has made vast amounts of student interaction data available for knowledge tracing (KT). KT models estimate students' concept mastery from interaction data, but their performance is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Qinyi Liu , Lin Li , Valdemar Švábenský , Conrad Borchers , Mohammad Khalil

Background: Using digital games for educational purposes has been associated with higher levels of motivation among learners of different educational levels. However, the underlying psychological factors involved in digital game based…

Physics Education · Physics 2018-06-22 Jean-Nicolas Proulx , Margarida Romero , Sylvester Arnab

Games research and industry have developed a solid understanding of how to design engaging, playful experiences that draws players in for hours and causes them to lose their sense of time. While these designs can provide enjoyable…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Meshaiel Alsheail , Dmitry Alexandrovskz , Kathrin Gerling

The games research community has developed substantial knowledge on designing engaging experiences that draw players in. Surprisingly, less is known about player \textit{dis}engagement, with existing work predominantly addressing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Dmitry Alexandrovsky , Kathrin Gerling , Merlin Steven Opp , Christopher Benjamin Hahn , Max V. Birk , Meshaiel Alsheail

Many e-learning platforms assert their ability or potential to improve students' self-regulated learning (SRL), however the cyclical and undirected nature of SRL theoretical models represent significant challenges for representation within…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Andrew Schwabe , Özgür Akgün , Ella Haig

Text-based games present a unique class of sequential decision making problem in which agents interact with a partially observable, simulated environment via actions and observations conveyed through natural language. Such observations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Mathieu Tuli , Andrew C. Li , Pashootan Vaezipoor , Toryn Q. Klassen , Scott Sanner , Sheila A. McIlraith

In order to facilitate analyzing video games as learning systems and instructional designs as games, we present a theoretical framework that integrates ideas from a broad range of literature. The framework describes games in terms of four…

Physics Education · Physics 2014-01-28 Ian D. Beatty

Prior work has developed a range of automated measures ("detectors") of student self-regulation and engagement from student log data. These measures have been successfully used to make discoveries about student learning. Here, we extend…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Ashish Gurung , Jionghao Lin , Zhongtian Huang , Conrad Borchers , Ryan S. Baker , Vincent Aleven , Kenneth R. Koedinger

We present Owlgorithm, an educational platform that supports Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) in competitive programming (CP) through AI-generated reflective questions. Leveraging GPT-4o, Owlgorithm produces context-aware, metacognitive…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Juliana Nieto-Cardenas , Erin Joy Kramer , Peter Kurto , Ethan Dickey , Andres Bejarano

Revision behavior in adaptive writing support systems is an important and relatively new area of research that can improve the design and effectiveness of these tools, and promote students' self-regulated learning (SRL). Understanding how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Luca Mouchel , Thiemo Wambsganss , Paola Mejia-Domenzain , Tanja Käser

For serious games on education, understanding the effectiveness of different learning methods in influencing cognitive processes remains a significant challenge. This study investigates the impact of serious games on graph structure…

Serious games are widely used for learning and training across domains such as healthcare, defense, and education. Persistent challenges remain, however, including static scenario design, authoring bottlenecks, limited learner modeling, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Priyamvada Tripathi , Bill Kapralos

In a Stackelberg game, a leader commits to a randomized strategy, and a follower chooses their best strategy in response. We consider an extension of a standard Stackelberg game, called a discrete-time dynamic Stackelberg game, that has an…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Niklas Lauffer , Mahsa Ghasemi , Abolfazl Hashemi , Yagiz Savas , Ufuk Topcu

Adding game elements to higher education is an increasingly common practice. As a result, many recent empirical studies focus on studying the effectiveness of gamified or game-based educational experiences. The findings of these studies are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Giulio Barbero , Marcello M. Bonsangue , Felienne F. J. Hermans

In this article, we present our findings from ten years of research on intelligent educational games. We discuss the architecture of our training environments for learning spelling and mathematics, and specifically focus on the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-06-11 Barbara Solenthaler , Severin Klingler , Tanja Käser , Markus Gross