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Industrial LLM agent systems often separate planning from execution, yet LLM planners frequently produce structurally invalid or unnecessarily long workflows, leading to brittle failures and avoidable tool and API cost. We propose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yusuke Ozaki , Dhaval Patel

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in various continuous control tasks, such as robot manipulation and locomotion. Different to mainstream RL which makes decisions at individual steps, recent studies have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Buqing Nie , Yangqing Fu , Yue Gao

Temporal Intention Localization (TIL) is crucial for video surveillance, focusing on identifying varying levels of suspicious intentions to improve security monitoring. However, existing discrete classification methods fail to capture the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Xinyi Hu , Yuran Wang , Ruixu Zhang , Yue Li , Wenxuan Liu , Zheng Wang

In sequential decision-making environments, the primary approaches for training agents are Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Imitation Learning (IL). Unlike RL, which relies on modeling a reward function, IL leverages expert demonstrations,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Jonas Nüßlein , Maximilian Zorn , Philipp Altmann , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Stochastic resetting, where a dynamical process is intermittently returned to a fixed reference state, has emerged as a powerful mechanism for optimizing first-passage properties. Existing theory largely treats static, non-learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Jello Zhou , Vudtiwat Ngampruetikorn , David J. Schwab

Despite advances in hierarchical reinforcement learning, its applications to path planning in autonomous driving on highways are challenging. One reason is that conventional hierarchical reinforcement learning approaches are not amenable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Jaehyun Kim , Jaeseung Jeong

It has long been assumed that high dimensional continuous control problems cannot be solved effectively by discretizing individual dimensions of the action space due to the exponentially large number of bins over which policies would have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Luke Metz , Julian Ibarz , Navdeep Jaitly , James Davidson

Recently, self-play fine-tuning (SPIN) has been proposed to adapt large language models to downstream applications with scarce expert-annotated data, by iteratively generating synthetic responses from the model itself. However, SPIN is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yibo Wang , Hai-Long Sun , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Lijun Zhang

Enhancing the diversity of policies is beneficial for robustness, exploration, and transfer in reinforcement learning (RL). In this paper, we aim to seek diverse policies in an under-explored setting, namely RL tasks with structured action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Wenhao Li , Baoxiang Wang , Shanchao Yang , Hongyuan Zha

Reinforcement learning (RL) with combinatorial action spaces remains challenging because feasible action sets are exponentially large and governed by complex feasibility constraints, making direct policy parameterization impractical.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Lingkai Kong , Anagha Satish , Hezi Jiang , Akseli Kangaslahti , Andrew Ma , Wenbo Chen , Mingxiao Song , Lily Xu , Milind Tambe

The growing threat of low-cost kamikaze drone swarms poses a critical challenge to modern defense systems demanding rapid and strategic decision-making to prioritize interceptions across multiple effectors and high-value target zones. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Alessandro Palmas

The combinatorial structure of many real-world action spaces leads to exponential growth in the number of possible actions, limiting the effectiveness of conventional reinforcement learning algorithms. Recent approaches for combinatorial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Matthew Landers , Taylor W. Killian , Thomas Hartvigsen , Afsaneh Doryab

Offline reinforcement learning methods typically enforce strict constraints to ensure safety; yet this rigidity often prevents the discovery of optimal behaviors outside the immediate support of the behavior policy. To address this, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yifei Chen , Shaoqin Zhu , Xiaoqiang Ji

We introduce semi-parametric inducing point networks (SPIN), a general-purpose architecture that can query the training set at inference time in a compute-efficient manner. Semi-parametric architectures are typically more compact than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Richa Rastogi , Yair Schiff , Alon Hacohen , Zhaozhi Li , Ian Lee , Yuntian Deng , Mert R. Sabuncu , Volodymyr Kuleshov

Reinforcement learning is typically treated as a uniform, data-driven optimization process, where updates are guided by rewards and temporal-difference errors without explicitly exploiting global structure. In contrast, dynamic programming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ivo Nowak

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising strategy for finetuning small language models (SLMs) to solve targeted tasks such as math and coding. However, RL algorithms tend to be resource-intensive, taking a significant amount…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Lianghuan Huang , Sagnik Anupam , Insup Lee , Shuo Li , Osbert Bastani

The goal of offline reinforcement learning is to learn a policy from a fixed dataset, without further interactions with the environment. This setting will be an increasingly more important paradigm for real-world applications of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Wenxuan Zhou , Sujay Bajracharya , David Held

In offline model-based reinforcement learning (offline MBRL), we learn a dynamic model from historically collected data, and subsequently utilize the learned model and fixed datasets for policy learning, without further interacting with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Shentao Yang , Shujian Zhang , Yihao Feng , Mingyuan Zhou

Primal-dual safe RL methods commonly perform iterations between the primal update of the policy and the dual update of the Lagrange Multiplier. Such a training paradigm is highly susceptible to the error in cumulative cost estimation since…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Zifan Wu , Bo Tang , Qian Lin , Chao Yu , Shangqin Mao , Qianlong Xie , Xingxing Wang , Dong Wang

We introduce the technique of adaptive discretization to design an efficient model-based episodic reinforcement learning algorithm in large (potentially continuous) state-action spaces. Our algorithm is based on optimistic one-step value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Sean R. Sinclair , Tianyu Wang , Gauri Jain , Siddhartha Banerjee , Christina Lee Yu