Related papers: Simulating the Formation of the Young "Fermi Bubbl…
The Fermi bubbles are two giant bubbles in gamma rays lying above and below the Galactic center (GC). Despite numerous studies on the bubbles, their origin and emission mechanism remain elusive. Here we use a suite of hydrodynamic…
The Fermi and eROSITA bubbles are giant gamma-ray and X-ray lobes in the Milky Way, extending up to $\sim$50{\deg} and ~$\sim$80{\deg} in galactic latitude, respectively, yet their origins remain debated. Using three-dimensional…
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope reveals two large gamma-ray bubbles in the Galaxy, which extend about 50 degrees (~ 10 kpc) above and below the Galactic center (GC) and are symmetric about the Galactic plane. Using axisymmetric…
The nature and origin of the Fermi bubbles detected in the inner Galaxy remain elusive. In this paper, we briefly discuss some recent theoretical and observational developments, with a focus on the AGN jet model. Analogous to radio lobes…
The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope reveals two large bubbles in the Galaxy, extending nearly symmetrically $\sim50^{\circ}$ above and below the Galactic center (GC). Previous simulations of bubble formation invoking active galactic nucleus…
One of the leading explanations for the origin of Fermi Bubbles is a past jet activity in the Galactic center supermassive black hole Sgr A$^*$. The claimed jets are often assumed to be perpendicular to the Galactic plane. Motivated by the…
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope reveals two large bubbles in the Galaxy, which extend nearly symmetrically ~50 degrees above and below the Galactic center (GC). Using three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations that…
The Fermi and eROSITA bubbles, large diffuse structures in our Galaxy, can be the by-products of the steady star formation activity. To simultaneously explain the star formation history of the Milky Way and the metallicity of $\sim$…
Galactic outflows are ubiquitous in galaxies containing active star formation or supermassive black hole activity. The presence of a large-scale outflow from the center of our own Galaxy was confirmed after the discovery of two large ($\sim…
The Fermi bubbles are large gamma-ray-emitting structures. They are symmetric about the Galactic Centre (GC), and their creation is therefore attributed to intensive energy injection at the GC. In this study, we focus on the non-equilibrium…
The $Fermi$ gamma-ray telescope discovered a pair of bubbles at the Galactic center. These structures are spatially-correlated with the microwave emission detected by the WMAP and Planck satellites. These bubbles were likely inflated by a…
For the first time, we show in MHD simulations with cosmological initial conditions that bi-lobed gamma-ray outflows similar to the Fermi bubbles can form from star formation and supernova feedback, without involvement from active galactic…
The origin of the Fermi bubbles recently detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope in the inner Galaxy is mysterious. In the companion paper Guo & Mathews (Paper I), we use hydrodynamic simulations to show that they could be produced…
Observations indicate two nested pairs of extended bipolar bubbles emanating from the Milky-Way center - the $|b|\sim80^\circ$ latitude eROSITA bubbles (RBs), encompassing the smaller, $|b|\sim 50^{\circ}$ Fermi bubbles (FBs) - and classify…
The Fermi Bubbles are gamma-ray structures extending from the center of the Milky Way to +/-50 degree Galactic latitude that were discovered in data obtained by the Fermi/LAT instrument. Their origin and power source remain uncertain. To…
The Fermi bubbles are two lobes filled with non-thermal particles that emit gamma rays, extend $\approx$10 kpc vertically from the Galactic center, and formed from either nuclear star formation or accretion activity on Sgr A*. Simulations…
The Fermi bubbles, two giant gamma-ray bubbles above and below the Galactic center (GC), are among the most important findings of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Because of the proximity, spatially resolved, multi-wavelength…
Context: The recently discovered spherical eROSITA bubbles arise up to a latitude of $\pm$80\deg-85\deg in the X-ray regime of the Milky Way halo. Similar to the $\gamma$-ray Fermi bubbles, they evolve around the Galactic center, making a…
Fermi bubbles are giant gamma-ray structures extended north and south of the Galactic center with characteristic sizes of order of 10 kpc recently discovered by Fermi Large Area Telescope. Good correlation between radio and gamma-ray…
One of the most exciting discoveries of recent years is a pair of gigantic gamma-ray emission regions, the so-called Fermi bubbles, above and below the Galactic center. The bubbles, discovered by the Fermi space telescope, extend up to…