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Is an LLM telling you different facts than it's telling me? This paper introduces ConsistencyAI, an independent benchmark for measuring the factual consistency of large language models (LLMs) for different personas. ConsistencyAI tests…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Peter Banyas , Shristi Sharma , Alistair Simmons , Atharva Vispute

The increasing sophistication of large language models (LLMs) has sparked growing concerns regarding their potential role in exacerbating ideological polarization through the automated generation of persuasive and biased content. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 . Pazzaglia , V. Vendetti , L. D. Comencini , F. Deriu , V. Modugno

Real-world information, often multimodal, can be misinformed or potentially misleading due to factual errors, outdated claims, missing context, misinterpretation, and more. Such "misinformation" is understudied, challenging to address, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xinyi Zhou , Ashish Sharma , Amy X. Zhang , Tim Althoff

Hate speech and misinformation frequently co-occur online, amplifying prejudice and polarization. Given their scale, using Large Language Models (LLMs) to assist expert counterspeech (CS) writing has gained interest, yet prior work has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Genoveffa Martone , Helena Bonaldi , Marco Guerini

Fact checking can be an effective strategy against misinformation, but its implementation at scale is impeded by the overwhelming volume of information online. Recent artificial intelligence (AI) language models have shown impressive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Matthew R. DeVerna , Harry Yaojun Yan , Kai-Cheng Yang , Filippo Menczer

Online social networks create echo-chambers where people are infrequently exposed to opposing opinions. Even if such exposure occurs, the persuasive effect may be minimal or nonexistent. Recent studies have shown that exposure to opposing…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Qi Yang , Khizar Qureshi , Tauhid Zaman

AI-mediated communication is increasingly being utilized to help facilitate interactions; however, in privacy sensitive domains, an AI mediator has the additional challenge of considering how to preserve privacy. In these contexts, a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Roshni Kaushik , Maarten Sap , Koichi Onoue

The introduction of ChatGPT and the subsequent improvement of Large Language Models (LLMs) have prompted more and more individuals to turn to the use of ChatBots, both for information and assistance with decision-making. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Vahid Ghafouri , Vibhor Agarwal , Yong Zhang , Nishanth Sastry , Jose Such , Guillermo Suarez-Tangil

Hateful comments are prevalent on social media platforms. Although tools for automatically detecting, flagging, and blocking such false, offensive, and harmful content online have lately matured, such reactive and brute force methods alone…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Sougata Saha , Rohini Srihari

As large language models (LLMs) rapidly displace traditional expertise, their capacity to correct misinformation has become a core concern. We investigate the idea that prompt framing systematically modulates misinformation correction -…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Sekoul Krastev , Hilary Sweatman , Anni Sternisko , Steve Rathje

As generative AI advances, the distinction between authentic and synthetic media is increasingly blurred, challenging the integrity of online information. In this study, we present CONVEX, a large-scale dataset of multimodal misinformation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Zacharias Chrysidis , Stefanos-Iordanis Papadopoulos , Symeon Papadopoulos

This study investigates the generation of synthetic disinformation by OpenAI's Large Language Models (LLMs) through prompt engineering and explores their responsiveness to emotional prompting. Leveraging various LLM iterations using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Rasita Vinay , Giovanni Spitale , Nikola Biller-Andorno , Federico Germani

Fake news and misinformation poses a significant threat to society, making efficient mitigation essential. However, manual fact-checking is costly and lacks scalability. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promise in automating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Xiaofei Xu , Xiuzhen Zhang , Ke Deng

Trolling in online communities typically involves disruptive behaviors such as provoking anger and manipulating discussions, leading to a polarized atmosphere and emotional distress. Robust moderation is essential for mitigating these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Huije Lee , Hoyun Song , Jisu Shin , Sukmin Cho , SeungYoon Han , Jong C. Park

Counterfactual explanations are an increasingly popular form of post hoc explanation due to their (i) applicability across problem domains, (ii) proposed legal compliance (e.g., with GDPR), and (iii) reliance on the contrastive nature of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Greta Warren , Mark T. Keane , Christophe Gueret , Eoin Delaney

Given the growing prevalence of fake information, including increasingly realistic AI-generated news, there is an urgent need to train people to better evaluate and detect misinformation. While interactions with AI have been shown to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Anku Rani , Valdemar Danry , Paul Pu Liang , Andrew B. Lippman , Pattie Maes

In this study, we explore the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to counteract hate speech. We conducted the first real-life A/B test assessing the effectiveness of LLM-generated counter-speech. During the experiment, we posted 753…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jakub Podolak , Szymon Łukasik , Paweł Balawender , Jan Ossowski , Jan Piotrowski , Katarzyna Bąkowicz , Piotr Sankowski

Online content moderation is essential for maintaining a healthy digital environment, and reliance on AI for this task continues to grow. Consider a user comment using national stereotypes to insult a politician. This example illustrates…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Houde Dong , Yifei She , Kai Ye , Liangcai Su , Chenxiong Qian , Jie Hao

Misinformation is an ever increasing problem that is difficult to solve for the research community and has a negative impact on the society at large. Very recently, the problem has been addressed with a crowdsourcing-based approach to scale…

In this paper, we comprehensively investigate the potential misuse of modern Large Language Models (LLMs) for generating credible-sounding misinformation and its subsequent impact on information-intensive applications, particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Yikang Pan , Liangming Pan , Wenhu Chen , Preslav Nakov , Min-Yen Kan , William Yang Wang