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As people's demand for personal privacy and data security becomes a priority, encrypted traffic has become mainstream in the cyber world. However, traffic encryption is also shielding malicious and illegal traffic introduced by adversaries,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Zihao Wang , Kar-Wai Fok , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

Encrypted tunneling protocols are widely used. Beyond business and personal uses, malicious actors also deploy tunneling to hinder the detection of Command and Control and data exfiltration. A common approach to maintain visibility on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Johan Mazel , Matthieu Saudrais , Antoine Hervieu

Network management often relies on machine learning to make predictions about performance and security from network traffic. Often, the representation of the traffic is as important as the choice of the model. The features that the model…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Francesco Bronzino , Paul Schmitt , Sara Ayoubi , Hyojoon Kim , Renata Teixeira , Nick Feamster

This paper provides a short overview of how to use machine learning to build data-driven models in fluid mechanics. The process of machine learning is broken down into five stages: (1) formulating a problem to model, (2) collecting and…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-10-06 Steven L. Brunton

Understanding the traffic dynamics in networks is a core capability for automated systems to monitor and analyze networking behaviors, reducing expensive human efforts and economic risks through tasks such as traffic classification,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jiawei Zhou , Woojeong Kim , Zhiying Xu , Alexander M. Rush , Minlan Yu

Machine learning (ML) started to become widely deployed in cyber security settings for shortening the detection cycle of cyber attacks. To date, most ML-based systems are either proprietary or make specific choices of feature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Talha Ongun , Timothy Sakharaov , Simona Boboila , Alina Oprea , Tina Eliassi-Rad

Cybersecurity attacks are growing both in frequency and sophistication over the years. This increasing sophistication and complexity call for more advancement and continuous innovation in defensive strategies. Traditional methods of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-20 Antoine Delplace , Sheryl Hermoso , Kristofer Anandita

The efficiency of flow-based networking mechanisms strongly depends on traffic characteristics and should thus be assessed using accurate flow models. For example, in the case of algorithms based on the distinction between elephant and mice…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Piotr Jurkiewicz , Grzegorz Rzym , Piotr Boryło

The recent success and proliferation of machine learning and deep learning have provided powerful tools, which are also utilized for encrypted traffic analysis, classification, and threat detection in computer networks. These methods,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Jan Luxemburk , Tomáš Čejka

The Internet of Things (IoT) has witnessed unprecedented growth, resulting in a massive influx of diverse network traffic from interconnected devices. Effectively classifying this network traffic is crucial for optimizing resource…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Jawad Hussain Kalwar , Sania Bhatti

In modern communication networks driven by 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT), effective network traffic flow classification is crucial for Quality of Service (QoS) management and security. Traditional centralized machine learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Jiazhuo Tian , Yachao Yuan

Benchmark datasets for network intrusion detection commonly rely on synthetically generated traffic, which fails to reflect the statistical variability and temporal drift encountered in operational environments. This paper introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Joshua Schraven , Alexander Windmann , Oliver Niggemann

NetFlow data is a popular network log format used by many network analysts and researchers. The advantages of using NetFlow over deep packet inspection are that it is easier to collect and process, and it is less privacy intrusive. Many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Clinton Cao , Annibale Panichella , Sicco Verwer , Agathe Blaise , Filippo Rebecchi

Traffic classification, a technique for assigning network flows to predefined categories, has been widely deployed in enterprise and carrier networks. With the massive adoption of mobile devices, encryption is increasingly used in mobile…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Kun Qiu , Ying Wang , Baoqian Li , Wenjun Zhu

As machine learning (ML) classifiers increasingly oversee the automated monitoring of network traffic, studying their resilience against adversarial attacks becomes critical. This paper focuses on poisoning attacks, specifically backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Giorgio Severi , Simona Boboila , Alina Oprea , John Holodnak , Kendra Kratkiewicz , Jason Matterer

Internet of Things (IoT) defines a network of devices connected to the internet and sharing a massive amount of data between each other and a central location. These IoT devices are connected to a network therefore prone to attacks. Various…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Muhammad Basit Umair , Zeshan Iqbal , Muhammad Bilal , Tarik Adnan Almohamad , Jamel Nebhen , Raja Majid Mehmood

Recently, machine learning has been used in every possible field to leverage its amazing power. For a long time, the net-working and distributed computing system is the key infrastructure to provide efficient computational resource for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-11-17 Mowei Wang , Yong Cui , Xin Wang , Shihan Xiao , Junchen Jiang

TensorFlow is a machine learning system that operates at large scale and in heterogeneous environments. TensorFlow uses dataflow graphs to represent computation, shared state, and the operations that mutate that state. It maps the nodes of…

Classifying network traffic according to their application-layer protocols is an important task in modern networks for traffic management and network security. Existing payload-based or statistical methods of application identification…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2011-05-31 Fei He , Fan Xiang , Yibo Xue , Jun Li

Recent network traffic classification methods benefitfrom machine learning (ML) technology. However, there aremany challenges due to use of ML, such as: lack of high-qualityannotated datasets, data-drifts and other effects causing aging…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Jaroslav Pešek , Dominik Soukup , Tomáš Čejka