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In models of planetary accretion, pebbles form by dust coagulation and rapidly migrate toward the central star. Planetesimals may continuously form from pebbles over the age of the protoplanetary disk by yet uncertain mechanisms. Meanwhile,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-17 Ryuji Morishima

Recent exoplanet surveys revealed that for solar-type stars, close-in Super-Earths are ubiquitous and many of them are in multi-planet systems. These systems are more compact than the Solar System's terrestrial planets. However, there have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-04 Haruka Hoshino , Eiichiro Kokubo

Core Accretion, the most widely accepted scenario for planet formation, postulates existence of km-sized solid bodies, called planetesimals, arranged in a razor-thin disc in the earliest phases of planet formation. In the Tidal Downsizing…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Sergei Nayakshin , Seung-Hoon Cha

The mass-independent isotopic signatures of planetary bodies have been widely used to trace the mixing and transport processes in planet formation. The observed isotopic variations among meteorites have been further linked to the modeled…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-23 Kang Shuai , Hejiu Hui , Li-Yong Zhou , Weiqiang Li

Recent radial velocity observations have indicated that Jovian-type planets can exist in moderately close binary star systems. Numerical simulations of the dynamical stability of terrestrial-class planets in such environments have shown…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Nader Haghighipour , Sean N. Raymond

Circumstellar disks have long been regarded as windows into planetary systems. The advent of high sensitivity, high resolution imaging in the submillimetre where both the solid and gas components of disks can be detected opens up new…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-23 Brenda C. Matthews , JJ Kavelaars

We have obtained a steady-state, 1-D model of the accretion disk of a protostar taking into account the magneto-rotational instability (MRI). We find that the disk is divided into an outer turbulent region (OTR), a MRI suppressed region…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-11 Toshikazu Ebisuzaki , Yusuke Imaeda

The solar system planets are benchmarks for the planet formation theory. Yet two paradigms coexist for the four terrestrial planets: the prolonged collisional growth among planetesimals lasting $>100$ million years (Myr) and the fast…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-25 Tong Fang , Rongxi Bi , Hui Zhang , You Zhou , Christian Reinhardt , Hongping Deng

Circumstantial evidence suggests that most known extra-solar planetary systems are survivors of violent dynamical instabilities. Here we explore how giant planet instabilities affect the formation and survival of terrestrial planets. We…

More than half of stars reside in binary or multiple star systems and many planets have been found in binary systems. From theoretical point of view, however, whether or not the planetary formation proceeds in a binary system is a very…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Yusuke Tsukamoto , Junichiro Makino

While conventional interior models for Jupiter and Saturn are based on the simplistic assumption of a solid core surrounded by a homogeneous gaseous envelope, we derive new models with an inhomogeneous distribution of heavy elements, i.e. a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Jérémy Leconte , Gilles Chabrier

Chondrites, the building blocks of the terrestrial planets, have mass and atomic proportions of oxygen, iron, magnesium, and silicon totaling $\geq$90\% and variable Mg/Si ($\sim$25\%), Fe/Si (factor of $\geq$2), and Fe/O (factor of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-10 William F. McDonough , Takashi Yoshizaki

Planet formation begins with collisional growth of small planetesimals accumulating into larger ones. Such growth occurs while planetesimals are embedded in a gaseous protoplanetary disc. However, small-planetesimals experience collisions…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-12 Evgeni Grishin , Hagai B. Perets , Yael Avni

Secular and mean motion resonances (MMR) are effective perturbations for shaping planetary systems. In binary star systems, they play a key role during the early and late phases of planetary formation, as well as for the dynamical stability…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-29 D. Bancelin , E. Pilat-Lohinger , A. Bazso

Recent studies of solar system formation suggest that the solar system's giant planets formed and migrated in the protoplanetary disk to reach resonant orbits with all planets inside 15 AU from the Sun. After the gas disk's dispersal,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 David Nesvorny

One in every two atoms in the Earth, Mars, and the Moon is oxygen; it is the third most abundant element in the solar system. The oxygen isotopic compositions of the terrestrial planets are different from those of the Sun and demonstrate…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-05-07 William F McDonough

We present families of symmetric and asymmetric periodic orbits at the 1/1 resonance, for a planetary system consisting of a star and two small bodies, in comparison to the star, moving in the same plane under their mutual gravitational…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 John D. Hadjidemetriou , George Voyatzis

Not only do the sampled terrestrial worlds (Earth, Mars, and asteroid 4 Vesta) differ in their mass-independent (nucleosynthetic) isotopic compositions of many elements (e.g. $\varepsilon^{48}$Ca, $\varepsilon^{50}$Ti, $\varepsilon^{54}$Cr,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-20 J. Mah , R. Brasser , J. M. Y. Woo , A. Bouvier , S. J. Mojzsis

The Solar System hosts the most studied and best understood major and minor planetary bodies - and the only extraterrestrial bodies to have been visited by spacecraft. The Solar System therefore provides important constraints on both the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-04 Anders Johansen , Michele T. Bannister , Luke Dones , Seth Jacobson , Kelsi Singer , Kathryn Volk , Maria Womack

Constraining the formation processes of small solar system bodies is crucial for gaining insights into planetesimal formation. Their bulk densities, determined by their compressive strengths, offer valuable information about their formation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-01 Misako Tatsuuma , Akimasa Kataoka , Hidekazu Tanaka , Tristan Guillot