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Chemical and chronological information preserved in meteorites permits the reconstruction of events and processes in the solar nebula from the formation of the first solids to the accretion of planetary bodies and their subsequent…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-14 Klaus Mezger , Jonas Pape , Aryavart Anand , Pascal M. Kruttasch , Hauke Vollstaedt , Jan Hoffmann

Geochemical and astronomical evidence demonstrate that planet formation occurred in two spatially and temporally separated reservoirs. The origin of this dichotomy is unknown. We use numerical models to investigate how the evolution of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-22 Tim Lichtenberg , Joanna Drazkowska , Maria Schönbächler , Gregor J. Golabek , Thomas O. Hands

The Capture Theory gives planet production through a tidal interaction between a condensed star and a diffuse protostar within a dense embedded cluster. Initial extensive and highly eccentric planetary orbits round-off and decay in a…

General Physics · Physics 2017-09-22 Michael Woolfson

Building the terrestrial planets has been a challenge for planet formation models. In particular, classical theories have been unable to reproduce the small mass of Mars and instead predict that a planet near 1.5 AU should roughly be the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-20 Harold F. Levison , Katherine A. Kretke , Kevin Walsh , William Bottke

Reproducing the large Earth/Mars mass ratio requires a strong mass depletion in solids within the protoplanetary disk between 1 and 3 AU. The Grand Tack model invokes a specific migration history of the giant planets to remove most of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-23 André Izidoro , Sean N. Raymond , Alessandro Morbidelli , Othon C. Winter

Metal-rich asteroids and iron meteorites are considered core remnants of differentiated planetesimals and or products of oxygen-depleted accretion. Investigating the origins of iron-rich planetesimals could provide key insights into planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-12 Terry-Ann Suer , Edgar S. Steenstra , Simone Marchi , John A. Tarduno , Ilaria Pascucci

Motivated by the diversity of circumstellar planets in binary stars and the strong effects of the secular resonances of Jupiter and Saturn on the formation and architecture of the inner solar system, we have launched an expansive project on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-29 Nader Haghighipour , Michael Andrew

The dynamical architecture and compositional diversity of the asteroid belt strongly constrain planet formation models. Recent Solar System formation models have shown that the asteroid belt may have been born empty and later filled with…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-18 Andre Izidoro , Rogerio Deienno , Sean N. Raymond , Matthew S. Clement

We discuss problems of planetesimal migration in the emerging Solar System and exoplanetary systems. Protoplanetary disk evolution models and the formation of planets are considered. The formation of the Moon and of the asteroid and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-06 M. Ya. Marov , S. I. Ipatov

We investigate the formation of terrestrial planets in the late stage of planetary formation using two-planet model. At that time, the protostar has formed for about 3 Myr and the gas disk has dissipated. In the model, the perturbations…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-09 Ji Jianghui , Zhang Niu

The distribution of heavy elements is anomalously low in the asteroid main belt region compared with elsewhere in the solar system. Observational surveys also indicate a deficit in the number of small ($ \le 50$~km size) asteroids that is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-08 Xiaochen Zheng , Douglas N. C. Lin , M. B. N. Kouwenhoven

The statistics of extrasolar planetary systems indicate that the default mode of planet formation generates planets with orbital periods shorter than 100 days, and masses substantially exceeding that of the Earth. When viewed in this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Konstantin Batygin , Gregory Laughlin

I present here a new, indivisible planetary science paradigm, a wholly self-consistent vision of the nature of matter in the Solar System, and dynamics and energy sources of planets. Massive-core planets formed by condensing and raining-out…

General Physics · Physics 2013-07-01 J. Marvin Herndon

Recent three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamical simulations have identified a disk wind by which gas materials are lost from the surface of a protoplanetary disk, which can significantly alter the evolution of the inner disk and the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-07-01 Masahiro Ogihara , Hiroshi Kobayashi , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka , Takeru K. Suzuki

The formation of planetesimals is expected to occur via particle-gas instabilities that concentrate dust into self-gravitating clumps. Triggering these instabilities requires the prior pileup of dust in the protoplanetary disk. Until now,…

Understanding the origin and long-term evolution of the Solar System is a fundamental goal of planetary science and astrophysics. This chapter describes our current understanding of the key processes that shaped our planetary system,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-24 Sean N. Raymond

The solar system's dynamical state can be explained by an orbital instability among the giant planets. A recent model has proposed that the giant planet instability happened during terrestrial planet formation. This scenario has been shown…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-09 Matthew S. Clement , Nathan A. Kaib , Sean N. Raymond , John E. Chambers , Kevin J. Walsh

The hypothesis of quantization of masses of the solar system planets is considered. It is supposed that the solar system was bearing during the Protosun squeezing from the red giant to a yellow dwarf. According to mass and orbit…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. M. Ilyanok , I. A. Timoshchenko

We review the state of the field of terrestrial planet formation with the goal of understanding the formation of the inner Solar System and low-mass exoplanets. We review the dynamics and timescales of accretion from planetesimals to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Sean N. Raymond , Eiichiro Kokubo , Alessandro Morbidelli , Ryuji Morishima , Kevin J. Walsh

It has been shown that some aspects of the terrestrial planets can be explained, particularly the Earth/Mars mass ratio, when they form from a truncated disk with an outer edge near 1.0 au (Hansen 2009). This has been previously modeled…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-22 Kevin J. Walsh , Hal F. Levison