Related papers: Various spectra and energies of subgroup generatin…

Let $G$ be a group and $L(G)$ be the set of all subgroups of $G$. We introduce a bipartite graph $\mathcal{B}(G)$ on $G$ whose vertex set is the union of two sets $G \times G$ and $L(G)$, and two vertices $(a, b) \in G \times G$ and $H \in…

Let $L(G)$ be the set of all subgroups of a group $G$. The subgroup generating bipartite graph $\mathcal{B}(G)$ defined on $G$ is a bipartite graph whose vertex set is the union of two sets $G \times G$ and $L(G)$, and two vertices $(a, b)…

Let ${\cal H}$ denote the family of all graphs with multi-$4$-cycles and suppose that $G \in {\cal H}$. Then, $G$ is a bipartite graph with a vertex bipartition $\{V_{\alpha}, V_{\beta}\}$. We prove that for every vertex $v \in V_{\beta}$…

Let $G = (X, Y; E)$ be a bipartite graph with two vertex partition subsets $X$ and $Y$. $G$ is said to be balanced if $|X| = |Y|$. $G$ is said to be bipancyclic if it contains cycles of every even length from $4$ to $|V(G)|$. In this note,…

Let $G$ be a group and $L(G)$ be the set of all subgroups of $G$. The subgroup generating bipartite graph $\mathcal{B}(G)$ defined on $G$ is a bipartite graph whose vertex set is partitioned into two sets $G \times G$ and $L(G)$, and two…

Let $G_S$ be a graph with loops obtained from a graph $G$ of order $n$ and loops at $S \subseteq V(G)$. In this paper, we establish a neccesary and sufficient condition on the bipartititeness of a connected graph $G$ and the spectrum…

The commuting conjugacy class graph of a non-abelian group $G$, denoted by $\mathcal{CCC}(G)$, is a simple undirected graph whose vertex set is the set of conjugacy classes of the non-central elements of $G$ and two distinct vertices $x^G$…

The energy of a simple graph $G$, denoted by $E(G)$, is defined as the sum of the absolute values of all eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix. Let $C_n$ denote the cycle of order $n$ and $P^{6,6}_n$ the graph obtained from joining two cycles…

For a graph $G = (V, E)$, the $\gamma$-graph of $G$ is the graph whose vertex set is the collection of minimum dominating sets, or $\gamma$-sets of $G$, and two $\gamma$-sets are adjacent if they differ by a single vertex and the two…

A multigraph $G$ is near-bipartite if $V(G)$ can be partitioned as $I,F$ such that $I$ is an independent set and $F$ induces a forest. We prove that a multigraph $G$ is near-bipartite when $3|W|-2|E(G[W])|\ge -1$ for every $W\subseteq…

The energy $E(G)$ of a graph $G$ is defined as the sum of the absolute values of its eigenvalues. A graph $G$ of order $n$ is said to be hypoenergetic if $E(G)<n$. Majstorovi\'{c} et al. conjectured that complete bipartite graph $K_{2,3}$…

A graph G is said to be orderenergetic, if its energy equal to its order and it is said to be hypoenergetic if its energy less than its order. Two non-isomorphic graphs of same order are said to be equienergetic if their energies are equal.…

For a graph $G$ with vertex set $V(G)=\{v_1, v_2, \cdots, v_n\}$, the extended double cover $G^*$ is a bipartite graph with bipartition (X, Y), $X=\{x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n\}$ and $Y=\{y_1, y_2, \cdots, y_n\}$, where two vertices $x_i$ and…

The parameter $q(G)$ of an $n$-vertex graph $G$ is the minimum number of distinct eigenvalues over the family of symmetric matrices described by $G$. We show that all $G$ with $e(\overline{G}) = |E(\overline{G})| \leq \lfloor n/2 \rfloor…

We prove that, for any graph $G$, its graph energy is at least twice the Randic index. We show that equality holds if and only if $G$ is the union of complete bipartite graphs.

Let $G$ be a finite group. We consider the set of the irreducible complex characters of $G$, namely $Irr(G)$, and the related degree set $cd(G)=\{\chi(1) : \chi\in Irr(G)\}$. Let $\rho(G)$ be the set of all primes which divide some…

An $(a,b)$-biregular bipartite graph is a bipartite graph with bipartition $(X, Y)$ such that each vertex in $X$ has degree $a$ and each vertex in $Y$ has degree $b$. By the bipartite expander mixing lemma, biregular bipartite graphs have…

We say that a bipartite graph $G(A, B)$ with fixed parts $A$, $B$ is proximinal if there is a semimetric space $(X, d)$ such that $A$ and $B$ are disjoint proximinal subsets of $X$ and all edges $\{a, b\}$ satisfy the equality $d(a, b) =…

The $G$-graph $\Gamma(G,S)$ is a graph from the group $G$ generated by $S\subseteq G$, where the vertices are the right cosets of the cyclic subgroups $\langle s \rangle, s\in S$ with $k$-edges between two distinct cosets if there is an…

The energy $E(G)$ of a graph $G$ is defined as the sum of the absolute values of the eigenvalues of $G$. An $n$-vertex graph is said to be hypoenergetic if $E(G)<n$ and strongly hypoenergetic if $E(G)<n-1$. In this paper, we consider…