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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an emerging approach in natural language processing that combines large language models (LLMs) with external document retrieval to produce more accurate and grounded responses. While RAG has shown…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Atousa Arzanipour , Rouzbeh Behnia , Reza Ebrahimi , Kaushik Dutta

Evidence-aware fake news detection aims to conduct reasoning between news and evidence, which is retrieved based on news content, to find uniformity or inconsistency. However, we find evidence-aware detection models suffer from biases,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Qiang Liu , Junfei Wu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang

Large language model (LLM) agents have demonstrated impressive capabilities in utilizing external tools and knowledge to boost accuracy and reduce hallucinations. However, developing prompting techniques that enable LLM agents to…

Multimodal misinformation, such as miscaptioned images, where captions misrepresent an image's origin, context, or meaning, poses a growing challenge in the digital age. Due to the scarcity of large-scale annotated datasets for multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Stefanos-Iordanis Papadopoulos , Christos Koutlis , Symeon Papadopoulos , Panagiotis C. Petrantonakis

Improvements in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have greatly reduced the difficulty of producing new, photo-realistic images with unique semantic meaning. With this rise in ability to generate fake images comes demand to detect them.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-17 Michael Goebel , B. S. Manjunath

Automated evidence-based misinformation detection systems, which evaluate the veracity of short claims against evidence, lack comprehensive analysis of their adversarial vulnerabilities. Existing black-box text-based adversarial attacks are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Mazal Bethany , Nishant Vishwamitra , Cho-Yu Jason Chiang , Peyman Najafirad

Language models (LMs) now excel at many tasks such as few-shot learning, question answering, reasoning, and dialog. However, they sometimes generate unsupported or misleading content. A user cannot easily determine whether their outputs are…

With the proliferation of social media, the detection of fake news has become a critical issue that poses a significant threat to society. The dissemination of fake information can lead to social harm and damage the credibility of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Qian Chang , Xia Lia , Patrick S. W. Fong

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an effective approach to enhance the factual accuracy of large language models (LLMs) by retrieving information from external databases, which are typically composed of diverse sources, to supplement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jeongyeon Hwang , Junyoung Park , Hyejin Park , Dongwoo Kim , Sangdon Park , Jungseul Ok

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized how users access information, shifting from traditional search engines to direct question-and-answer interactions with LLMs. However, the widespread adoption of LLMs has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Weihang Su , Yichen Tang , Qingyao Ai , Changyue Wang , Zhijing Wu , Yiqun Liu

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards has significantly advanced reasoning in large language models (LLMs), but such signals remain coarse, offering only binary correctness feedback. This limitation often results in inefficiencies,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Peixuan Han , Adit Krishnan , Gerald Friedland , Jiaxuan You , Chris Kong

Fake information poses one of the major threats for society in the 21st century. Identifying misinformation has become a key challenge due to the amount of fake news that is published daily. Yet, no approach is established that addresses…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Vishwani Gupta , Katharina Beckh , Sven Giesselbach , Dennis Wegener , Tim Wirtz

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) merges retrieval methods with deep learning advancements to address the static limitations of large language models (LLMs) by enabling the dynamic integration of up-to-date external information. This…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yizheng Huang , Jimmy Huang

Retrieval-augmented language models (RALMs) have shown strong performance and wide applicability in knowledge-intensive tasks. However, there are significant trustworthiness concerns as RALMs are prone to generating unfaithful outputs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Di Wu , Jia-Chen Gu , Fan Yin , Nanyun Peng , Kai-Wei Chang

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities but often produce inaccurate responses, as they rely solely on their embedded knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances LLMs by incorporating an external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Nitin Aravind Birur , Tanay Baswa , Divyanshu Kumar , Jatan Loya , Sahil Agarwal , Prashanth Harshangi

Content-aware graphic layout generation aims to automatically arrange visual elements along with a given content, such as an e-commerce product image. In this paper, we argue that the current layout generation approaches suffer from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Daichi Horita , Naoto Inoue , Kotaro Kikuchi , Kota Yamaguchi , Kiyoharu Aizawa

Verifiers are auxiliary models that assess the correctness of outputs generated by base large language models (LLMs). They play a crucial role in many strategies for solving reasoning-intensive problems with LLMs. Typically, verifiers are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Bartosz Piotrowski , Witold Drzewakowski , Konrad Staniszewski , Piotr Miłoś

In this paper, we address the limitations of traditional constant false alarm rate (CFAR) target detectors in automotive radars, particularly in complex urban environments with multiple objects that appear as extended targets. We propose a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-18 Ignacio Roldan , Andras Palffy , Julian F. P. Kooij , Dariu M. Gavrila , Francesco Fioranelli , Alexander Yarovoy

Large language models (LLMs) inevitably exhibit hallucinations since the accuracy of generated texts cannot be secured solely by the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. Although retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a practicable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Shi-Qi Yan , Jia-Chen Gu , Yun Zhu , Zhen-Hua Ling

Compared with individual agents, large language model based multi-agent systems have shown great capabilities consistently across diverse tasks, including code generation, mathematical reasoning, and planning, etc. Despite their impressive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhen Zhang , Wanjing Zhou , Juncheng Li , Hao Fei , Jun Wen , Wei Ji