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In this work, we explore the largely unexplored direction of building a generalist image tokenizer directly on top of a frozen vision foundation model (VFM). To build this tokenizer, we utilize a frozen VFM as the encoder and introduce two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Anlin Zheng , Qi Han , Xin Wen , Chuofan Ma , Lanxi Gong , Gang Yu , Xiangyu Zhang , Xiaojuan Qi

Autoregressive (AR) visual generation has emerged as a powerful paradigm for image and multimodal synthesis, owing to its scalability and generality. However, existing AR image generation suffers from severe memory bottlenecks due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Ziran Qin , Youru Lv , Mingbao Lin , Zeren Zhang , Chanfan Gan , Tieyuan Chen , Weiyao Lin

We introduce an efficient, resolution-agnostic autoregressive (AR) image synthesis approach that generalizes to arbitrary resolutions and aspect ratios, narrowing the gap to diffusion models at scale. At its core is VibeToken, a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Maitreya Patel , Jingtao Li , Weiming Zhuang , Yezhou Yang , Lingjuan Lv

In-generation watermarking for latent diffusion models has recently shown high robustness in marking generated images for easier detection and attribution. However, its application to autoregressive (AR) image models is underexplored.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Denis Lukovnikov , Andreas Müller , Erwin Quiring , Asja Fischer

We propose a hierarchically structured reinforcement learning approach to address the challenges of planning for generating coherent multi-sentence stories for the visual storytelling task. Within our framework, the task of generating a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Qiuyuan Huang , Zhe Gan , Asli Celikyilmaz , Dapeng Wu , Jianfeng Wang , Xiaodong He

Autoregressive models have emerged as a powerful approach for visual generation but suffer from slow inference speed due to their sequential token-by-token prediction process. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective approach for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Yuqing Wang , Shuhuai Ren , Zhijie Lin , Yujin Han , Haoyuan Guo , Zhenheng Yang , Difan Zou , Jiashi Feng , Xihui Liu

Autoregressive models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for visual content creation, but often overlook the intrinsic structural properties of visual data. Our prior work, IAR, initiated a direction to address this by reorganizing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ran Yi , Teng Hu , Zihan Su , Jiangning Zhang , Lizhuang Ma

Continual learning enables models to acquire new knowledge over time while retaining previously learned capabilities. However, its application to text-to-3D generation remains unexplored. We present ReConText3D, the first framework for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Muhammad Ahmed Ullah Khan , Muhammad Haris Bin Amir , Didier Stricker , Muhammad Zeshan Afzal

For autoregressive (AR) modeling of high-resolution images, vector quantization (VQ) represents an image as a sequence of discrete codes. A short sequence length is important for an AR model to reduce its computational costs to consider…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Doyup Lee , Chiheon Kim , Saehoon Kim , Minsu Cho , Wook-Shin Han

Autoregressive image modeling relies on visual tokenizers to compress images into compact latent representations. We design an end-to-end training pipeline that jointly optimizes reconstruction and generation, enabling direct supervision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wenda Chu , Bingliang Zhang , Jiaqi Han , Yizhuo Li , Linjie Yang , Yisong Yue , Qiushan Guo

Real-time transmission of video over wireless networks remains highly challenging, even with advanced deep models, particularly under severe channel conditions such as limited bandwidth and weak connectivity. In this paper, we propose…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Zhenyu Liu , Yi Ma , Rahim Tafazolli , Zhi Ding

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have spurred interests in encoding images as discrete tokens and leveraging autoregressive (AR) frameworks for visual generation. However, the quantization process in AR-based visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Peng Zheng , Junke Wang , Yi Chang , Yizhou Yu , Rui Ma , Zuxuan Wu

Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of high-quality visual representations in image generation and have highlighted the limitations of generative models in image understanding. As a generative paradigm originally designed for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Xiaoyu Yue , Zidong Wang , Yuqing Wang , Wenlong Zhang , Xihui Liu , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai , Luping Zhou

Convolutional neural networks are the most successful models in single image super-resolution. Deeper networks, residual connections, and attention mechanisms have further improved their performance. However, these strategies often improve…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-09 Parichehr Behjati , Pau Rodriguez , Armin Mehri , Isabelle Hupont , Carles Fernández Tena , Jordi Gonzalez

In this paper, we introduce SemHiTok, a unified image Tokenizer via Semantic-Guided Hierarchical codebook that provides consistent discrete representations for multimodal understanding and generation. Recently, unified image tokenizers have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zisheng Chen , Chunwei Wang , Runhui Huang , Hongbin Xu , Xiuwei Chen , Jun Zhou , Jianhua Han , Hang Xu , Xiaodan Liang

In this paper we tackle Image Super Resolution (ISR), using recent advances in Visual Auto-Regressive (VAR) modeling. VAR iteratively estimates the residual in latent space between gradually increasing image scales, a process referred to as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Enrique Sanchez , Isma Hadji , Adrian Bulat , Christos Tzelepis , Brais Martinez , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

We introduce RandAR, a decoder-only visual autoregressive (AR) model capable of generating images in arbitrary token orders. Unlike previous decoder-only AR models that rely on a predefined generation order, RandAR removes this inductive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Ziqi Pang , Tianyuan Zhang , Fujun Luan , Yunze Man , Hao Tan , Kai Zhang , William T. Freeman , Yu-Xiong Wang

Recent endeavors in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) aim to unify visual comprehension and generation by combining LLM and diffusion models, the state-of-the-art in each task, respectively. Existing approaches rely on spatial visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kaihang Pan , Wang Lin , Zhongqi Yue , Tenglong Ao , Liyu Jia , Wei Zhao , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Hanwang Zhang

Autoregressive (AR) image generators offer a language-model-friendly approach to image generation by predicting discrete image tokens in a causal sequence. However, unlike diffusion models, AR models lack a mechanism to refine previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Cheng Cheng , Lin Song , Di An , Yicheng Xiao , Xuchong Zhang , Hongbin Sun , Ying Shan

The organization of latent token representations plays a crucial role in determining the stability, generalization, and contextual consistency of language models, yet conventional approaches to embedding refinement often rely on parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Meiquan Dong , Haoran Liu , Yan Huang , Zixuan Feng , Jianhong Tang , Ruoxi Wang