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Visual grounding is an essential capability of Visual Language Models (VLMs) to understand the real physical world. Previous state-of-the-art grounding visual language models usually have large model sizes, making them heavy for deployment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Guanqi Zhan , Changye Li , Zhijian Liu , Yao Lu , Yi Wu , Song Han , Ligeng Zhu

GUI agents powered by Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive capability in understanding and executing user instructions. However, accurately grounding instruction-relevant elements from high-resolution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yichao Liu , Huawen Shen , Liu Yu , Shiyu Liu , Zeyu Chen , Yu Zhou

Large vision-language models (VLMs) typically process hundreds or thousands of visual tokens per image or video frame, incurring quadratic attention cost and substantial redundancy. Existing token reduction methods often ignore the textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Kaitong Cai , Jusheng Zhang , Jing Yang , Yijia Fan , Pengtao Xie , Jian Wang , Keze Wang

GUI grounding, which localizes interface elements from screenshots given natural language queries, remains challenging for small icons and dense layouts. Test-time zoom-in methods improve localization by cropping and re-running inference at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Fei Tang , Bofan Chen , Zhengxi Lu , Tongbo Chen , Songqin Nong , Tao Jiang , Wenhao Xu , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang , Yongliang Shen

Existing training-free approaches for GUI grounding often rely on multiple inference runs, such as iterative cropping or candidate aggregation, to identify target elements. Despite this additional computation, each forward pass still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jiaping Lin , Fei Shen , Junzhe Li , Ping Nie , Fei Yu , Ming Li , Haizhou Li

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have recently emerged as promising backbones for GUI-agent models, where high-resolution GUI screenshots are introduced to the prompts at each iteration step. However, these screenshots exhibit highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yuankai Li , Tinghui Zhu , Ha Min Son , Zhe Zhao , Xin Liu , Muhao Chen

Building reliable computer-use agents requires grounding: accurately connecting natural language instructions to the correct on-screen elements. While large datasets exist for web and mobile interactions, high-quality resources for desktop…

Precise localization of GUI elements is crucial for the development of GUI agents. Traditional methods rely on bounding box or center-point regression, neglecting spatial interaction uncertainty and visual-semantic hierarchies. Recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Jikai Chen , Long Chen , Dong Wang , Qinglin Su , Zhixuan Chu , Bingguang Hao , Leilei Gan , Chenyi Zhuang , Jinjie Gu

Visual grounding seeks to localize the image region corresponding to a free-form text description. Recently, the strong multimodal capabilities of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have driven substantial improvements in visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Seil Kang , Jinyeong Kim , Junhyeok Kim , Seong Jae Hwang

Graphical user interface (GUI) grounding, the process of mapping human instructions to GUI actions, serves as a fundamental basis to autonomous GUI agents. While existing grounding models achieve promising performance to simulate the mouse…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zeyi Liao , Yadong Lu , Boyu Gou , Huan Sun , Ahmed Awadallah

One of the principal challenges in building VLM-powered GUI agents is visual grounding, i.e., localizing the appropriate screen region for action execution based on both the visual content and the textual plans. Most existing work…

Grounding natural language queries in graphical user interfaces (GUIs) poses unique challenges due to the diversity of visual elements, spatial clutter, and the ambiguity of language. In this paper, we introduce DiMo-GUI, a training-free…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Hang Wu , Hongkai Chen , Yujun Cai , Chang Liu , Qingwen Ye , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Yiwei Wang

Precise localization of GUI elements is crucial for the development of GUI agents. Traditional methods rely on bounding box or center-point regression, neglecting spatial interaction uncertainty and visual-semantic hierarchies. Recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jikai Chen , Long Chen , Dong Wang , Qinglin Su , Zhixuan Chu , Bingguang Hao , Leilei Gan , Chenyi Zhuang , Jinjie Gu

Mobile UI understanding is important for enabling various interaction tasks such as UI automation and accessibility. Previous mobile UI modeling often depends on the view hierarchy information of a screen, which directly provides the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Gang Li , Yang Li

Despite the rapid progress of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), their ability to perform reliable visual grounding in high-stakes clinical software environments remains underexplored. Existing GUI benchmarks largely focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Rozain Shakeel , Abdul Rahman Mohammad Ali , Muneeb Mushtaq , Tausifa Jan Saleem , Tajamul Ashraf

The problem of grounding VQA tasks has seen an increased attention in the research community recently, with most attempts usually focusing on solving this task by using pretrained object detectors. However, pre-trained object detectors…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Aisha Urooj Khan , Hilde Kuehne , Kevin Duarte , Chuang Gan , Niels Lobo , Mubarak Shah

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) generally contain significantly more visual tokens than their textual counterparts, resulting in a considerable computational burden. Recent efforts have been made to tackle this issue by pruning visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Qizhe Zhang , Aosong Cheng , Ming Lu , Renrui Zhang , Zhiyong Zhuo , Jiajun Cao , Shaobo Guo , Qi She , Shanghang Zhang

GUI grounding, which translates natural language instructions into precise pixel coordinates, is essential for developing practical GUI agents. However, we observe that existing grounding models exhibit significant coordinate prediction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Yunzhu Zhang , Zeyu Pan , Zhengwen Zeng , Shuheng Shen , Changhua Meng , Linchao Zhu

While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated extraordinary vision-language understanding capabilities, their abilities to solve instance-level visual-language problems beyond a single image warrant further exploration.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Yunqiu Xu , Linchao Zhu , Yi Yang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) achieve impressive performance across multiple tasks. A significant challenge, however, is their prohibitive inference cost when processing high-resolution visual inputs. While visual token pruning has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zhichao Sun , Yidong Ma , Gang Liu , Yibo Chen , Xu Tang , Yao Hu , Yongchao Xu