English
Related papers

Related papers: When Models Decide and When They Bind: A Two-Stage…

200 papers

Multi-hop question answering (MHQA) enables accurate answers to complex queries by retrieving and reasoning over evidence dispersed across multiple documents. Existing MHQA approaches mainly rely on iterative retrieval-augmented generation,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Wei Chen , Lili Zhao , Zhi Zheng , HuiJun Hou , Tong Xu

The question answering system can answer questions from various fields and forms with deep neural networks, but it still lacks effective ways when facing multiple evidences. We introduce a new model called SRQA, which means Synthetic Reader…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Jiuniu Wang , Wenjia Xu , Xingyu Fu , Yang Wei , Li Jin , Ziyan Chen , Guangluan Xu , Yirong Wu

Online learning platforms provide learning materials and answers to students' academic questions by experts, peers, or systems. This paper explores question-type identification as a step in content understanding for an online learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Azam Rabiee , Alok Goel , Johnson D'Souza , Saurabh Khanwalkar

Creating multiple-choice questions to assess reading comprehension of a given article involves generating question-answer pairs (QAPs) on the main points of the document. We present a learning scheme to generate adequate QAPs via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Cheng Zhang , Jie Wang

Large language models (LLMs) now give reasoning before answering, excelling in tasks like multiple-choice question answering (MCQA). Yet, a concern is that LLMs do not solve MCQs as intended, as work finds LLMs sans reasoning succeed in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Nishant Balepur , Atrey Desai , Rachel Rudinger

Multi-hop question answering (QA) is widely used to evaluate the reasoning capabilities of large language models, yet most benchmarks focus on final answer correctness and overlook intermediate reasoning, especially in long multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Biao Xiang , Soyeon Caren Han , Yihao Ding

Recent advances in multimodal question answering have primarily focused on combining heterogeneous modalities or fine-tuning multimodal large language models. While these approaches have shown strong performance, they often rely on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Krishna Singh Rajput , Tejas Anvekar , Chitta Baral , Vivek Gupta

Knowledge-intensive visual question answering requires models to effectively use external knowledge to help answer visual questions. A typical pipeline includes a knowledge retriever and an answer generator. However, a retriever that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Haoyang Wen , Honglei Zhuang , Hamed Zamani , Alexander Hauptmann , Michael Bendersky

Visual reasoning tasks such as visual question answering (VQA) require an interplay of visual perception with reasoning about the question semantics grounded in perception. However, recent advances in this area are still primarily driven by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Saeed Amizadeh , Hamid Palangi , Oleksandr Polozov , Yichen Huang , Kazuhito Koishida

In visual question answering (VQA), an algorithm must answer text-based questions about images. While multiple datasets for VQA have been created since late 2014, they all have flaws in both their content and the way algorithms are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-09-15 Kushal Kafle , Christopher Kanan

Predicting the difficulty of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) is important for effective assessment, yet current methods typically assume a unimodal student ability distribution, overlooking the heterogeneous nature of student…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Dhriti Krishnan , Jaromir Savelka

There is a key problem in the medical visual question answering task that how to effectively realize the feature fusion of language and medical images with limited datasets. In order to better utilize multi-scale information of medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Shanshan Song , Jiangyun Li , Jing Wang , Yuanxiu Cai , Wenkai Dong

The chain-of-thought (CoT) paradigm uses the elicitation of step-by-step rationales as a proxy for reasoning, gradually refining the model's latent representation of a solution. However, it remains unclear just how early a Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Joey David

Previous approaches to turn-taking and response generation in conversational systems have treated it as a two-stage process: First, the end of a turn is detected (based on conversation history), then the system generates an appropriate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Bing'er Jiang , Erik Ekstedt , Gabriel Skantze

Estimating the difficulty of multiple-choice questions would be great help for educators who must spend substantial time creating and piloting stimuli for their tests, and for learners who want to practice. Supervised approaches to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Leonidas Zotos , Hedderik van Rijn , Malvina Nissim

Process reward models (PRMs) enhance complex reasoning in large language models (LLMs) by evaluating candidate solutions step-by-step and selecting answers based on aggregated step scores. While effective in domains such as mathematics,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Lei Tang , Wei Zhou , Mohsen Mesgar

Multimodal information extraction (MIE) aims to extract structured information from unstructured multimedia content. Due to the diversity of tasks and settings, most current MIE models are task-specific and data-intensive, which limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Yuxuan Sun , Kai Zhang , Yu Su

Question answering (QA) models have shown rapid progress enabled by the availability of large, high-quality benchmark datasets. Such annotated datasets are difficult and costly to collect, and rarely exist in languages other than English,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Patrick Lewis , Barlas Oğuz , Ruty Rinott , Sebastian Riedel , Holger Schwenk

Large Language Models (LLMs) show strong generalization across diverse tasks, yet the internal decision-making processes behind their predictions remain opaque. In this work, we study the geometry of hidden representations in LLMs through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Abhinav Joshi , Divyanshu Bhatt , Ashutosh Modi

An important aspect of artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability to reason in a step-by-step "algorithmic" manner that can be inspected and verified for its correctness. This is especially important in the domain of question answering…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Kwabena Nuamah